The Techno-Industrial Ecosystem as a Mechanism for Ensuring the Economic Security of the Pharmaceutical Industry

The pharmaceutical industry is one of the most knowledge–intensive sectors of the economy, where the cost and duration of developing new drugs require effective cooperation models. In the traditional value chain, large pharmaceutical companies dominate suppliers and startups, but current trends in digitalization, artificial intelligence (AI), and biotechnology require the formation of flexible network structures based on ecosystem theory. The techno-industrial ecosystem in the pharmaceutical industry is presented as a concept of an organizational and economic mechanism aimed at ensuring economic security through cooperation, competition and convergence of various technological and industrial areas. Cooperation is a key tool that ensures long-term partnership of pharmaceutical companies with IT companies and biotech companies for technology exchange and the creation of joint R&D centers. Unlike traditional competition in the pharmaceutical industry, based on the dominance of large corporations, participants within the ecosystem do not compete separately, but within the framework of network interactions. Convergence tools are formed in two directions: technological, as the convergence of various branches of pharmaceuticals, bioengineering, artificial intelligence and nanotechnology, and market, as the formation of new markets through the intersection of different industries. The rationale for using the mechanism is based on an analysis of threats to the industry. It is revealed that key threats such as technological dependence, vulnerability of supply chains, personnel shortage and insufficient financing of R&D can be leveled using an ecosystem approach, which has shown its effectiveness using the example of foreign experience and scientific research, the analysis of which is presented in the article. The proposed project of a techno-industrial ecosystem includes pharmaceutical companies, biotech startups, IT companies, research centers, venture funds and government institutions. A mathematical model of the participants’ network interaction has been developed, describing the dynamics of innovation potential and the effectiveness of cooperation. The results can be used in the development of import substitution strategies, modernization of the pharmaceutical industry and as measures of state policy in the field of economic security.