Trends and key directions of development of the global fuel and energy complex in the context of a long-term energy transition

The article is devoted to the study of some indicators of the development of theworld economy and the fuel and energy complex in the period from 1965 to the present. Thematerials examine the dynamics of global GDP, population, consumption of fuel and energyresources and electric energy, as a result of which it is concluded that the growth rates of globaldemand for energy consumption are equal or significantly ahead of global GDP, which emphasizesthe presence of an industrial component in the development of the world economy. The study ofthe structure of primary fuel and energy sources in the global energy balance highlighted thegradual replacement of the consumption structure of primary fuel and energy sources with moreeconomical and environmentally friendly ones, which explains the process of the global energytransition. The materials conduct a study of the proportion of people with access to electricity invarious continents and countries of the world over the period 2000-2019, emphasizing the constantincrease in the proportion of the world’s population with access to electricity. The materialspresent diagrams of the dynamics of primary energy consumption per capita in some countries ofthe world and world continents for the period 1965-2021, showing an increase in the indicator indeveloping countries, and a gradual decrease in developed countries. The materials illustrate thescale, dynamics and structure of fuel and energy consumption by various countries of the world in2020, emphasizing the difference in the energy characteristics of the countries of the world thatrequire an individual approach in the process of implementing energy supply management policiesand increasing energy efficiency. In the context of a long-term energy transition, the trends ofgradual replacement of expensive and non-ecological fuel and energy resources with cheaperones and causing minimal harm to the environment are revealed. The policy of energy transition should directly affect the structure of energy resources used for the production of thermal energy.One of the elements of the energy transition is proposed to replace the consumption of thermalenergy produced on the basis of traditional hydrocarbon raw materials with sources of electricalheat supply.