Trends in the dairy cattle breeding spatial development in a region with extreme climate

Milk and dairy products are among everyday products, possessing a number of valuable nutritional properties. A sufficient level of milk consumption determines the health of the nation. This is especially important for the population of regions with extreme natural conditions, of which the Krasnoyarsk Region is a representative. The region is distinguished by its vast, sparsely populated territory and the diversity of natural, economic and social conditions for agriculture. Its spatial development, including dairy farming, with the aim of more efficient use of natural and economic conditions is important for solving the problem of reliable provision of milk and dairy products to the population. In some agricultural zones of the region, milk production exceeds the standard requirement, in others it is lower. The per capita production of milk and dairy products in the region is below the recommended consumption rate, which indicates a low level of territorial division of labor and specialization in dairy cattle breeding. Despite the government measures taken, not all problems of cattle breeding development have been solved. Serious losses are associated with the irresistible trend of reduction in the number of cattle, including cows. During the study period, the number of cows in all categories of farms in the region decreased by 15,6 %, including in agricultural organizations - by 18,0 %, in personal subsidiary plots - by 33,5 %, with an increase in peasant (farm) farms of 1,7 times. Production volumes of milk and dairy products are declining, despite the increase in cow productivity. The population's need for milk is satisfied by less than 70 % compared to the rational nutritional norm. The rapid increase in the cost of milk compared to prices ensured a low level of profitability even with subsidies (-28,2 %), insufficient for the expanded reproduction of the dairy industry. The state of dairy cattle breeding in the region confirms the objective need for the effective use of its bioclimatic potential, improving the territorial-sectoral division of labor as the least costly factor in its spatial development.