Theoretical approaches to national competitiveness and their application in the Russian context

The article provides a critical analysis of theories of competitiveness and competitive advantages of countries, with a focus on nations highly specialized in raw material exports, including Russia. Key approaches to identifying and measuring competitive advantages are examined, as well as their applicability and limitations for resource-dependent economies. The necessity of adapting existing theories to the specifics of such countries is substantiated, and recommendations are proposed for developing strategies aimed at enhancing national competitiveness in the global market.