Theory and philosophy of culture in transcendental and immanent expression

The article substantiates the possibility of considering the theory and philosophy of culture by singling out two principal approaches in its theoretical and methodological field: transcendent and immanent. In the framework of the transcendental approach the basis of culture is taken beyond it, the development of culture is interpreted as the unfolding of external and higher in relation to a particular culture meaning, the hierarchical models of values are built in culture. The transcendental approach is presented for the most part by theological and anthropological versions, where the source of culture, located outside of it, is a religiously or philosophically understood absolute; biological properties of human nature. The devaluation of interest in hierarchical models in culture is associated with the rejection of the idea of progress, in which time is the key category in the interpretation of cultural material. Within the framework of the immanent approach, each culture has its own uniqueness, not reducible to unified categories. Local meanings within the framework of the immanent approach are recognized as more significant. The development of culture is understood as the unfolding of the internal ideas of culture. The idea of the uniqueness and uniqueness of culture is being updated, it is impossible to assess cultures based on common criteria. The spatial turn to culture is a variant of the implementation of the immanent principle of constructing the theory and philosophy of culture. The implementation of transcendental and immanent approaches to culture is illustrated by examples from social and humanitarian knowledge.