Теория суицидального напряжения. Сообщение I
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Суицид представляет собой проблему для здравоохранения по всему миру, но существует не так много теорий, которые объясняют этиологию этого явления и способствуют эффективной превенции. В этой статье предлагается теория, объясняющая социально-психологический механизм развития суицидального поведения. Предполагается, что суициду предшествует напряжение, вызванное конфликтующими, разнонаправленными стрессорами в жизни человека. Теория суицидального напряжения (ТСН) предлагает четыре источника напряжения, которые ведут к самоубийству: (1) ценностное напряжение, проистекающее из конфликта ценностей; (2) напряжение стремлений, проистекающее из зазора между стремлениями и реальностью; (3) напряжение лишений, происходящее из относительных лишений, включая бедность; (4) напряжение совладания, происходящее из недостаточных навыков совладания перед лицом кризиса. Новая модель основана на представлениях об аномии (Durkheim, 1951 [1897]) и теориях напряжения, объясняющих отклоняющееся поведение (Merton, 1957) и преступления (Agnew, 1992), которые также учитывают суицид, хотя его объяснение и не становится главной задачей в этих концепциях. Дальнейшие количественные исследования должны тщательно проверить теорию суицидального напряжения, чтобы уточнить её на практике. Работа изложена в 2 частях. Настоящая публикация представляет Часть I.
Суицид, напряжение, конфликт ценностей, недостижимые стремления, относительные лишения, дефицит совладания
Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/140251015
IDR: 140251015
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