Научные статьи \ Прикладные науки. Медицина. Технология \ Mедицинские науки \ Патология. Клиническая медицина \ Нервная система. Невропатология. Неврология

Теория суицидального напряжения. Сообщение I

Теория суицидального напряжения. Сообщение I

Автор: Zhang J.

Журнал: Суицидология @suicidology

Статья в выпуске: 2 (39) т.11, 2020 года.

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Суицид представляет собой проблему для здравоохранения по всему миру, но существует не так много теорий, которые объясняют этиологию этого явления и способствуют эффективной превенции. В этой статье предлагается теория, объясняющая социально-психологический механизм развития суицидального поведения. Предполагается, что суициду предшествует напряжение, вызванное конфликтующими, разнонаправленными стрессорами в жизни человека. Теория суицидального напряжения (ТСН) предлагает четыре источника напряжения, которые ведут к самоубийству: (1) ценностное напряжение, проистекающее из конфликта ценностей; (2) напряжение стремлений, проистекающее из зазора между стремлениями и реальностью; (3) напряжение лишений, происходящее из относительных лишений, включая бедность; (4) напряжение совладания, происходящее из недостаточных навыков совладания перед лицом кризиса. Новая модель основана на представлениях об аномии (Durkheim, 1951 [1897]) и теориях напряжения, объясняющих отклоняющееся поведение (Merton, 1957) и преступления (Agnew, 1992), которые также учитывают суицид, хотя его объяснение и не становится главной задачей в этих концепциях. Дальнейшие количественные исследования должны тщательно проверить теорию суицидального напряжения, чтобы уточнить её на практике. Работа изложена в 2 частях. Настоящая публикация представляет Часть I.

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Суицид, напряжение, конфликт ценностей, недостижимые стремления, относительные лишения, дефицит совладания

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/140251015

IDR: 140251015

The strain theory of suicide. Part I

Suicide is a global public health problem, but very few theories have been developed for its etiology and effective prevention. Presented in this paper is a comprehensive and parsimonious theory explaining the socio-psychological mechanism prior to suicidal behavior. Strain, resulting from conflicting and competing pressures in an individual’s life, is hypothesized to precede suicide. The Strain Theory of Suicide (STS) proposes four sources of strain leading to suicide: (1) value strain from differential values, (2) aspiration strain from the discrepancy between aspiration and reality, (3) deprivation strain from the relative deprivation including poverty, and (4) coping strain from deficient coping skills in the face of a crisis. This new diagram is built on previous notions of anomie (Durkheim, 1951 [1897]), strain theories of deviance (Merton, 1957) and crime (Agnew, 1992), although suicide is not a major target for explanation in those theories. Future research with rigorous quantitative data needs to be conducted to further test the STS on a more comprehensive level. The work is presented in 2 parts. This publication is Part I.

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