The Arctic projects of the interregional integration

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the problems of inter-regional integration of the Russian Arctic on the basis of the study of the needs of such convergence at the level of the Russian state, and at the level of the Arctic regions themselves. Put the problem to consider developing in the present situation, analyze the development strategy of the Russian Arctic and other documents, to compile existing practical experience in the developing of the White Sea at the end of XX - beginning of XXI century. To identify challenges to the Arctic of the modern Russia and to give a general description of the project of the Arctic regions of Union Russia. Used as scientific methods (analysis, synthesis), and the methods of the special sciences - history, regional studies, geopolitics, public administration, conflict.

In terms of the methodology, it is important to conceptually define the object of the study, as in the publications on the Arctic issues often use different definitions of cloud over the content and scope of the Arctic area, constantly bring grist to the mill of its internationalization until the transfer of territory under international administration and the waters of the Russian Arctic, in- cluding The Northern Sea Route. Scientific myth-making is, for example, the introduction to the scientific use of the concept "North- Arctic Region". North and the Arctic - two different major international regions, located in six countries in the world, not just in Russia alone. To combine the two transnational regions - the Arctic and the North - one of the North- Arctic region, it is necessary to justify conceptually in this case, the concept of this general region, its integrity, and features that distinguish from other areas. Such scientific evidence so far does not appear in publications, although NArFU named after M.V. Lomonosov, such as annual conferences, where the object of the studies indicated not as Russian Arctic, not the Arctic region, namely a mythical North Arctic region.

Who benefits from such a "scientific" myth-making with the transformation of the Russian Arctic in the Northern Arctic region? Clearly a superficial approach to the definition of an object of the scientific study reduces the image of the university, designed to become one of the leaders in the study area in the Russian Arctic. The Arctic is becoming an arena of struggle, not only for the space of hydrocarbon resources, transport communications, but also for the national status of the region, the content of the various concepts in science, for the effective use of soft power. Therefore, the semantic transformation of the Russian Arctic in the C-AR does not seem so harmless thing to protect the sovereignty and the national interests of Russia. The Arctic Council gives priority to the eight circumpolar countries, limiting even the composition of the observers. By itself, the North Arctic region appears with a gray zone, faceless entity with unknown status. Great for the redistribution of the Arctic polar territory and waters almost been completed, and takes in the XXI century with the use of other forms of soft power. C-AR can not be identified even with the Arctic G-20 as a product of a multi-polar world.

In the official documents of the Russian Arctic and the North are used separately on their own and is not positioned one region. In scientific publications in content stand out, in addition, the European Arctic, Polar Urals, West Siberian Arctic, Far North, the European North of Russia and other names [1, p. 8, 64, 241].

In the domestic jurisprudence of the Russian Arctic is seen as a modern large-scale object of the international law in the legal analytical comparison of this concept with the sector polar domains of the USSR and the Russian Arctic, clearly defines the spatial limits of the Russian Arctic, the outer limits of its legitimate [2, p. 6-9, 12-15].

The object of the study in this article is the Russian Arctic, identified as the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, which according to published bathrooms Russian Ministry of Regional Development 23 January 2013 a draft Federal Law "On the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation" in- cludes all or part of the territory and waters of the nine subjects of the Russian Federation [3]. Specified on the author's map of the Russian Arctic ( Pic. 1 ), they are discussed in this article as an Internal Arctic regions, among which in varying degrees of convergence processes occur, education mutual horizontal linkages in the economy, culture, management and policy in the social sphere.

The map of the Russian Arctic (AZRF)

АРКТИЧЕСКАЯ ЗОНА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Северный Ледовитый океан

Охотское море

Баренцево море

1 - Мурманская область

2 - Республика Карелия (в составе Лоухского, Кемского и Беломорского муниципальных районов)

3 - Архангельская область (в составе Онежского, Приморского и Мезенского муниципальных районов, городских округов Архангельск. Северодвинск и Новодвинск.

а также административно принадлежащих ей арктических островов)

4 - Ненецкий автономный округ

5 ■ Ямало-Ненецкий автономный округ

6 - Красноярский край (в составе Таймырского (Долгано-Ненецкого) муниципального района, городского округа Норильск, муниципального образования гор. Игарка Туруханского муниципального района)

7 • Республика Саха (Якутия) (в составе • Абыйского, Аплаиховского, Анабарского. Булунского, Верхоянского, Жиганского, Оленекского, Нижнеколымского, Среднеколымского, Усть-Янского и Эвено-Бытанайского улусов)

8 - Чукотский автономный округ

9 - Республика Коми (в составе городского округа Воркута)

О Лукин Ю.Ф.: Еремин А.Э., 2011г.

Pic.1. The map of the Russian Arctic / ©Lukin. Y. F., Eremin A. E. - Arkhangelsk, 2011

The draft federal law in 2013 on the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation postponed. Together with its Russian Regional Development Ministry to urgently develop the disposal of the President of the Russian Federation "On the composition of the land areas of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation". With this formulation, it is logical to raise questions about whether it includes the waters of the Russian Arctic. Will be this factor taken into account in this thalassocracy, Russian naval power? Where will the be the water area of the Northern Sea Route?

Do the state need AZRF, as a sinle union object or a management subject?

In the study of the processes of the integration of the Arctic regions - the subjects of the Russian Federation, members of the Russian Arctic, in addition to a clear definition of the interaction of objects, as well as the subject of the integration approach is a problem there is a requirement in such a convergence of the state and the regions themselves. It is to be expected and obvi- ous answer to the question: «Does today the State Russian Arctic zone, as a single object and the subject of the management and policy, economic, social and cultural interaction, doesn’t it?" The existing today the vast space of the Russian Arctic, the internal boundaries of which are still not even legally defined, it is obvious there is no use. The Northern Sea Route (NSR) as the single national transport highway2, on which there is a huge potential demand. As a strategic reserve needs and continental shelf of the Arctic with his alleged, but has not yet been fully confirmed hydrocarbon reserves3.

Russian Arctic zone as a single object and the subject of the management at the state level today is more a virtual concept. All the subjects of the Russian Arctic live by themselves, showing minimal interest to each other. The state "long harnesses" solve problems in the Arctic basically on top, gradually as their budgetary possibilities involving business. This is a general cleaning of the islands and coastal areas, the beginning of the construction of a new generation of the nuclear-powered icebreakers, the sea port of Sabetta, 10 rescue centers Emergencies4, 20 new outposts5, the adoption of the federal law - FZ-№ 132 and the creation of SMP administration, updaing infrastructure project of Russia in the Pechora Sea - Prirazlomnaja, exploration and drilling in the Arctic shelf with the help of the foreign companies, and other steps.

The problem today is whether Russia has the time and resources to start not just Putins breakthrough to the Arctic, about which I wrote earlier, and the real, powerful offensive in the Arctic to a significant improvement in the situation and the full use of pop-up windows in the XXI century opportunities all Arctic regions of Russia. Obviously, there is not. And in the terms of rolling the economy into recession and budget cuts for 2014-2016 years. On the some Arctic projects , including large-scale project such as the "program of the exploration of the continental shelf of Russia and the development of the mineral resources in the long term , up to 2030" can already do not remember, the Government of the Russian Federation this summer just closed the program offshore production6.

The direction of the main blow in the public policy Russia is now almost certain East, Asia, but not the Arctic. A business profitable development of hydrocarbon deposits on land (Yamal, Si- beria), which is logical and reasonable, and not on the Arctic shelf, with its environmental and investment issues. Approved by Vladimir Putin's strategy of the development of the Russian Arctic and the national security for the period up to 20207 as the six priority areas of the development of the Russian Arctic and the national security highlights: 1) a comprehensive socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic; 2) the development of the science and technology; 3) the creation of a modern information and telecommunication infrastructure; 4) environmental security; 5) international cooperation in the Arctic; 6) military security, defense and protection of the state border of the Russian Federation in the Arctic [4]. If you remove the concept of the «Arctic», then such common tasks can be placed before any other macro-regions, federal district and throughout Russia. No clear sound concrete priorities for the near term, which may not be much in the specified time range up to 2020, taking into account the investment, fiscal, technological, and other constraints. Existing problems of the improving governance and the social and economic development of the Russian Arctic disclosed in claim 9 in fairly general terms. On the management of the common phrases referred to in other paragraphs strategy. It would be more logical from the standpoint of the management to highlight issues of the state, regional and municipal management, delegation of authority, definitions of the roles and responsibilities as one of the main priorities of the Russian Arctic. The Russian experience shows that the main problem of the public administration is not lack of understanding of what to do, and knowing how to organize how to do, to achieve positive results in the practical real life, not on paper in their offices. Russian President meeting with government ministers, meeting in the subjects of the Russian Federation on quality execution of the decrees of May 2012 on the socio-economic development of the country clearly reveals the existing in the federal government and the management of the formal bureaucratic practices of the past decisions. And the Arctic is not a pleasant exception.

Comparative analysis shows that the U.S. national strategy for the Arctic region of 10 May 2013 establishes the most common strategic priorities for the U.S. Government in the Arctic. In this respect, it differs little from the Russian. But the U.S. strategy to some extent is aimed at more effective management, new opportunities associated with a significant increase in activity in the Arctic. The U.S. strategy builds on existing initiatives of the federal, state, local authorities, the private sector and international partners. Seeks to focus the priority efforts where there are opportunities and necessary action: national security, the Arctic infrastructure, raising awareness of the changes taking place in the Arctic. The key elements of the national security needs of energy are determined by the United States, the active resource conservation, responsible risk assessment. The task of the creating patterns and mapping of the ocean, waterways, which could not be seen because of the multi-year ice. Much is said about the partnership and interaction of the indignous among the Arctic states [5].

Returning to Russia, you can say with regret that the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation today is not a single entity in any of the spheres of Russian society. Deep inter-regional integration in the Russian Arctic is almost not developed due to the high level of spatial information and communication, socio-economic fragmentation regions - the subjects of the Russian Arctic. In adition, there are also subjective reasons, the manifestations of the regionalism in the practice of management, lack of initiative from below while waiting for the instructions from above.

The Council of the White Sea

Let us ask another question: "Do we have today integration, unification of the efforts at the level of the RF subjects tin the Arctic"? You can refer to the practical-experience that has been rceived by us in the process of building of the White Sea and other projects. The relevance of the inter-regional integration in the White Sea is due to common conditions of the population living here, raw material export-oriented economy, climatic factors and a common historical destiny. The Northern territory until 1918 partly or wholly included in the Arkhangelsk region in 19291936. - Northern Territory. In XX - beginning of XXI century, historically common socio-cultural and economic space of the broken in the administrative-territorial boundaries of different Russian regions.

Currently, White Sea is an inland sea unites Russia and territories of the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions, the Republic of Karelia and Nenets Autonomous District. They have not only a common history, but the same problems in the economic and social development, culture, the formation of the infrastructure and in other spheres of life. This is the basis for inter-regional coperation, which is necessary today to develop. Geopolitical same paradox here is that if there are no identical problems in the constant contact, partnership and dialogue, as if northerners live on the shores of the White Sea is not in Russia, but in general in the different countries. The level of the horizontal cross-regional integration in the White Sea is even lower than in the Barents Euro - Arctic Region (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway project).

So back in 1997, made the first steps to establish inter-regional association in the framwork of the White Sea (GMS). Participants IX Solovetsky Forum appealed to the leadership of the sujects of the European North of Russia, political and social organizations, citizens of the White Sea to the proposal to consider and support the idea of establishing inter-GMS, the development and implmentation of inter-regional target program (CIP) of the optimal use of the potential White Sea and the coastal areas in the interests of the sustainable economic growth with environmental safety of the population. The constituent areas such CIP are joint efforts of the government and business in the coordination and implementation of a common energy policy, sustainable maintnance of the population, economic entities in fuels and energy, placement and construction of roads, railways, terminals, pipelines, and the introduction of new means of communication, the formation of a unified infrastructure that meets the world-class standards, regulate hunting proucts, fishing, joint activities on the ecology of the White Sea, the security in all spheres of the human activity, the development of education, science and culture; confidence-building and the international cooperation in the Northern Europe [6].

This appeal Solovetsky Forum was supported Prime Minister of the Republic of Karelia Stepanova, Murmansk Governor Yuri Evdokimov, and Minister of Regional Policy of the Russian Federation Vladimir Kirpichnikova. Working Group in Arkhangelsk under the leadership of Isakov was active in 1998-1999 on the legal provision of GMS. We have developed two projects: the Charter of the Interregional Association "Council of the White Sea" and the Charter of noncommercial partnership "Council of the White Sea". In December 1998, the head of the administration Efremov took in Arkhangelsk Prime Minister of the Republic of Karelia Sergey Katanandov, Head of Administration of the Murmansk region Yuri Evdokimov and the Nenets Autonomous District Butovo, but then the sign of any documents failed.

Questions about the creation of the White Sea and the main directions of his work have been discussed later, March 5, 1999 at a meeting of the representatives of the Arkhangelsk and Murmansk regions, the Republic of Karelia and the Nenets Autonomous Area [7]. The action plan of the GMS were included proposals for the construction of river-sea vessel for the carriage of passengers and tourists to Solovki and White Sea coast; edition of the monuments of the history and culture, nature, science, and technology of the coastal areas of the White Sea, White Sea carRying members of Congress the White Sea to the creation of the basis of the Solovetsky Musum of inter-regional Centre for the Study of the environmental and biological, historical and cultural potential of the White sea, bringing together regions for the seal hunting , the creation of its publcation, etc. Most of the proposed left then just wishful thinking. Say what is formally the head of administration did not sign any document on the establishment of the GMS, and representtives of the four subjects of the Russian North in March 1999 did not have such authority.

28-30 October 1999 in the city of Arkhangelsk, the first of the Dvina-White Sea ecological forum «Inter-regional cooperation in the Russian North". October 29, 1999 unanimously adopted the Declaration on inter-regional cooperation between the Republics of Karelia and Komi, Arkhagelsk, Vologda and Murmansk regions, Nenets Autonomous District. Revised documents and their legal expertise in Murmansk, Petrozavodsk and Naryan-Mar was sent Agreement on interrgional cooperation in the White Sea basin between the Republic of Karelia, Arkhangelsk and Mumansk regions, Nenets Autonomous District and the Regulation on the Board of the White Sea. Responses were received then only from Murmansk and Petrozavodsk. There was no response from the administration of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug. Quite restrained, if not passively acted Arkhangelsk regional administration.

The development of the partnerships between the subjects of the Russian Federation in the North of Russia to develop joint task of the interregional cooperation "White Sea" for 20002005. The implementation of other steps - all of it got real progress, but instead found a permnent situation of the conflict in the inter-regional relations. All attempts by NGOs to create at least consulting and coordinating-regulating structure on the shore of the White Sea with the admiistration of the subjects of the Russian Federation did not bring the expected results. And the reason most banal was the fact that the regional power elites having their own interests, ambtions and commitment to regionalism is not the best in its manifestation. Very negatively affected reluctance of the Arkhangelsk region to take full function of the leadership to coordinate all of this work without instructions from above. Themselves as non-profit associations did not have the time necessary organizational and financial resources to such activities. In fact it was the creation of an innovative public-private partnership in some form or another. It can be said; in this case, non-governmental organizations in Arkhangelsk, ahead of time, conducted a social experiment revealed a conflict of the interest, lack of readiness of the regional power elites of the subjects of the Russian Federation, located in the basin of the White Sea, and inter-regional integration, not in words but in deeds.

In this situation, the social movements have made another attempt to start a movement to cooperation at the municipal level. The administration of the municipality "Maritime area" 6 Setember 2001 hosted the first White Sea Symposium "The municipal authority , self-management in the socio-cultural environment of the northern territories", which discussed the report on the socio-economic and cultural development of the Primorsky district, the Local Government in the Arkhangelsk region, of inter-regional integration. Once again, it was noted that the White Sea-is a unique inland sea the only Russian. The northern people are the historical destiny. And the prolems they have are the same: a low standard of living, transport, environmental issues (in the White Sea, for example, a huge dumping of chemical weapons), quotas, fishing, and ways of solv- ing the social and economic problems. Therefore, the question was raised about the creation of the Council of the municipalities of the White Sea. The Northern community needs mutual suport, collective solutions to many social problems. It did not happen from the top, can get the uion from the bottom, at the municipal level of the White Sea, so we thought at the time. It was decied to establish a committee, to finalize the documents of the symposium, to send them to all the heads of the municipalities on the coast of the White Sea, gets their comments and suggestions, and then assemble in Onega order to create a Council of the heads of the municipal formations of the White Sea (Council of the White Sea).

In this situation, the social movements have made another attempt to start a movement to cooperation at the municipal level. The administration of the municipality "Maritime area" 6 Setember 2001 hosted the first White Sea Symposium "The municipal authority , self-management in the socio-cultural environment of the northern territories", which discussed the report on the socio-economic and cultural development of the Primorsky district, the Local Government in the Arkhangelsk region, of inter-regional integration. Once again, it was noted that the White Sea – is a unique inland sea in Russian. The northern people are one historical destiny. And the problems they have are the same: a low standard of living, transport, environmental issues (in the White Sea, for example, a huge dumping of chemical weapons), quotas, fishing, and ways of the solving social and economic problems. Therefore, the question was raised about the creation of the Coucil of the municipalities of the White Sea. The Northern community needs mutual support, collective solutions to many social problems. It did not happen from the top, can get the union from the botom, at the municipal level of the White Sea, so we thought at the time. It was decided to estalish a committee, to finalize the documents of the symposium, to send them to all the heads of municipalities on the coast of the White Sea, gets their comments and suggestions, and then assemble in Onega order to create a Council of the heads of the municipal formations of the White Sea (Council of the White Sea).

However, in the municipalities located on the coast of the White Sea, the current need for the integration of the efforts in the solving social projects limited by lack of adequate financial rsources, expertise, creativity. Social initiative of community groups on the interregional coopertion of the municipalities in the White Sea area remained at the time the voice of one cring in the wilderness. Understanding the futility of large-scale social projects without external suport of the state and the subjects of the Russian Arctic has led us to the creation of the another informal organization-is the Arkhangelsk regional advisory council for the local government (LG ARES) to provide information, research, design and expert support to the initiatives of the municipalities and provincial government authorities (CBT). Developed other projects of the interregional integration.

The project of the Arctic Union of the regions of Russia

The most significant project in 2010-2013 began work on the creation of the Arctic regions of the Russian Union (ASRR). In the developed state if the CAS program "Economic and social dvelopment of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation for 2011-2020", one of the ten strategic priorities of the state policy in the Arctic has been identified improvements in the governance of the socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic.

Relevance and rationale of the project "The Arctic regions of Russia Union" was defined as a federal project "Strategy for the Development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation and national security for the period up to 2020", published by Ministry of Regional Development of Russia in 2010 [8]. This paper was aimed at creating a single block of the Arctic System Managment for the estimated risks. Been an acute need for the inter-regional economic, social, political coordination Russian Arctic territories, the project emphasized the need to create a "vitual" Arctic federal district and inter-regional association of the interaction "Arctic agreement" in the name of the smoothing contrasts development within the Arctic zone and the establishment of the effective flows of knowledge and personnel between old - and "young-industrial" Arctic teritories. Designed active introduction of the remote control; neutralization costs of the singleindustry specialization Arctic settlements, the use of the international best practice management, organization of the internal interaction between government, business, the institutions of the ntional self-indigenous people and non-profit organizations in the name of revival of the local intiatives remote Arctic communities [8].

In view of the above documents to the beginning of December 2010 there was a first draft, called "The Arctic regions of Russia Union" ("Arctic union regions of Russia", abbreviated ASRR). In terms of the methodology, the basis of the project is multi-disciplinary, systems approach, consiering the Arctic space in the different dimensions regionology. The main objective of the project in the first phase is to create a "union of the Arctic regions of Russia" for the following tasks:

• a)    The promotion of the dialogue, mutual trust and understanding between people, iformation interaction regions and municipalities of the Russian Arctic using IT.

• b)    The organization of interregional coordination, cooperation and integration of the economic, social, political and cultural activities of the regions of the Russian Arctic.

• c)    Benchmarking – is the use of the best positive experience of the priarctic management ar-

• eas.

• d)    The establishment of the effective communication enhances openness and accessibility of the ethnic and cultural heritage of the indigenous people.

The road map proposed for implementation in 2011-2020 more than 40 events, painted over the years. Indicated the expected results. In order to implement the planned actions is counted sum of 34.3 million rubles to 10 years. The city of Arkhangelsk in the successful implmentation of the planned project is an informal, electronic capital of the region of the Russian Arctic, the Arctic create motor regions of the Russian Union. Creation of a "virtual" Arctic Federal District (state-NGO) based on the initial implementation of the project "The Arctic regions of the Russian Union" includes a number of the measures have already been implemented to date (since 2011, for example, publishes an electronic scientific journal "Arctic and North"), and at the same time eliminating IUiR in 2012 and the center "Arctic partnership" in 2013, which were basic to the implementation of the planned activities.

Priorities for the regional integration on the project ASSR

Among the top factors contributing to the inter-regional integration within the framework of the proposed project ASRR conceptually possible to note the following.

First, this communication . The use of TV, radio, modern IT-based e, creative ideas can dvelop direct contacts, business relationships between organizations, businesses and individuals in all the spheres of the life of the Arctic societies. Share information, documentation, work experence, to promote the establishment of inter bank information and databases; cooperate on the basis of direct links between administrations, the regional governments and the economic etities, regardless of their form of ownership and subordination. The development of the dalogue, mutual trust and understanding by carrying out the inter-regional meetings, business meetings, seminars and conferences. In the long term, the formation of the television company "Russian Arctic", several electronic networking sites with a focus on the Arctic regions of Russia, the creation of Arkhangelsk information portal "Electronic government entities of the Russian Arctic", Implemetation of the first Congress of Municipalities of the Russian Arctic , as well as other activties .

Second, the Arctic management. Creation of a separate Ministry for the Arctic seems to me very problematic, as functionally the development of all the constituents, their budget support, investment projects under the federal programs are solved in the manner prescribed by the laws of the relevant structures of power and control. Another thing, for example, the creation of ASRR, the Administration of the Northern Sea Route, and similar bodies of the public administration in the Arctic. It would be the establishment of the office of the Arctic projects in the autonomous non-profit organization "The Agency’s strategic initiatives to promote new projects" (URL: http: // ru/about_agency/). It is also possible the functioning of this office in the structure of NArFU named after M. V. Lomonosov as one of the steps to create a union of the Arctic regions of Russia in the western part of the Russian Arctic and the same office in the Siberian Federal Univesity of the East Siberian Arctic. Such ASRR project offices could perform the Arctic monitoring of the economic, social, geopolitical, ethnic and cultural situation in the Arctic. Within ASRR may be the provision of the Arctic stakeholders consulting, education, information, design and other services related to the Arctic and the North, both on the basis of the grants, and through other funding sources.

As a result, the second stage is the actual creation of a "virtual" Arctic Federal District as a public partnership with the interests of all life in the Arctic, to meet the needs of the different social groups in the information, knowledge, communication, social and cultural interaction and etno-cultural self-determination. Introduced new concepts of the "municipal-public partnership", "public partnership" (state-NGO) is undoubtedly in need of the legal reasoning and legislative dsign similar to the "public-private partnership". The interaction of the government agencies, civil society and business in the implementation of the projects of the Arctic is becoming a major pardigm in the activities ASRR. This approach is relevant not only for the Arctic.

Thirdly , culture . Actual promotion of the humanitarian projects in the field of the culture, including science, education, traditional culture of indigenous people. Since 2012, the center "Artic Partnership" NArFU with partners in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (M.Chuprov) began to implement a cultural project that has huge potential unification. This refers to the carrying out of the total for the arctic regions of the celebration of the Day of cold on the last day of February. General cultural activities in the general have a significant positive potential. Cultural, scientific and educational projects are now even more likely to integrate the Arctic regions than the industry, not to mention the permanent conflict with the implementation of the hydrocarbon projects.

However, unlike oil and gas in the Arctic, the humanitarian problems of the Arctic regions are a priori as would be less relevant. This situation fully reflects the trends and the crisis of the liberal education in the general and the science in Russia, strengthened with the arrival of the new techno-bureaucratic command to the management. It should be noted that the humanities research in the Arctic and the North of Russia is going through difficult times. In particular, it is not enough investigated problems related to the humanization of the Arctic area, which was dedicated to the Solovetsky XVI Forum "The humanitarian dimension of the Russian Arctic" on 20-21 Sep- tember 2013 [9]. Constant attention and considerable resources requires the preservation of the cultural heritage in the Russian Arctic: artifacts, objects, maritime heritage, historical and cultural monuments, memorial sites of the polar expeditions, as well as the spiritual heritage. Continued studies of the ethno-cultural area of the Russian Arctic, indigenous issues, perspectives, language preservation, the development of the positive traditions government to adequately respond to the use of soft power in these matters.

Fourth, the Arctic tourism. It is a powerful, if not determining factor of the inter-regional integration. At present, each of the Arctic regions is seeking their seven wonders of the world. Obviously, it was time to create a single arctic travel agency, on which site you would find information on all tourist routes in the Arctic, from traveling to the North Pole to travel to Wrangel Island, the sacred island for the Nenets people Vaygach, etc. Among the attractions can be described as the Solovetsky Islands in the White Sea [URL: turism/how-to-get /]; national Park "Russian Arctic" [URL: ]; monuments of history and culture of the Kola Land, including the famous seids [URL: ; ]. Deserve the attention of the project National tehnoteka conservation equipment of the ships of the nuclear submarines of the various projects and generations in Severodvinsk, many other local and regional cultural initiatives and projects.

Fifthly, the economy . Leading role in the socio-economic integration of the Arctic regions of transport plays today. Sea and river transport actually provide regular navigation on the icy northern seas and the river flowing into them arteries, carrying out "Northern territories"cargoes. With regard to inter-regional air routes, from Murmansk and Naryan-Mar can fly to Arkhangelsk, where the airline operates "Nordavia-regional airlines". However, the fly in Salehard has yet through Moscow. Motor transport and rail links between the Arctic regions in the general is in its infancy. Promising investment projects for the development of the transport infrastructure of the Russian Arctic in the XXI century. Addressed in Article V. Andrianov in other studies, relevant maps are published [10]. Particularly relevant in our project of building highways Naryan-Mar-Mezen-Arkhangelsk with access to the federal highway M-8 Arkhangelsk-Moscow. There are many other infrastructure projects.

Inter-regional integration in the Russian Arctic, it makes no sense to begin today in the crisis with major projects in the economy, requiring a significant investment at the regional level. The long-suffering "Belkomur" is an example. The financing of this project were discussed as early as 1997 at a meeting of the Board of Directors of OJSC "Inter-regional company "Belkomur", which was attended by the representatives of the Perm and Arkhangelsk Oblast, Komi Republic and the

Komi-Permyatskogo autonomous region. In November 1998, construction work began on the site Karpogory-Vending. Completion of the construction anticipated in 2013, however, at the present time even once laid sleepers and rails pilfered, and the search for the investors continues to this day.

Practice shows that the implementation of the Arctic projects in general, including interregional integration, requires huge investments and adequate responses to the challenges of the modern Arctic Russia.

The Arctic challengers to the modern Russia

The Arctic - is an expensive pleasure. Does today the Russian state, the subjects of the Russian Arctic, as well as business investment opportunities to invest in the implementation of the projects of the Arctic? The state budget of the Russian Federation - while definitely not. God forbid, as they say, follow the federal program, which has already started, and even implemented without corruption losses 2 trillions state program on the socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic 2020 Regional budgets of the subjects of the Arctic can not cope without subsidies the federal government even in fulfilling our social obligations to the people, construction of housing, kindergartens ... As for business, large OAO "Gazprom", "Rosneft", "Novatek" is not the first work in the Arctic ( Yamal, Sabetta, Prirazlomnoe, Kara Sea, etc.), but they do not can do without the infrastructure, fiscal support of the Russian state and the international integration with major multinationals.

In considering the problems of the inter-regional integration occurs so it is natural to ask about whether it will be able to answer the Russian Arctic challenges. My author's formula of contemporary challenges in this is as follows: Arctic Challenges = L + R + T + E + AC, where: L - people, human capital, R - investments in the economy, infrastructure, T - Technology, E - ecology, conservation cultural and natural environment in the Russian Arctic, AC - Arctic solidarity, integration.

For the socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic need of a huge capital. In the first place, man, formed as a result of the investment, ensuring a high quality of life, the accumulated stock of human health, knowledge, professional skills, and motivations. Analysis of the documents and literature, human development index (HDI), creativity (talent, technology and tolerance), the quality of the life of the indigenous people, personal observations suggest an extremely uneven development of the subjects of the Russian Arctic, intractable the social problems over the years. At the geopolitical situation Russia has the lowest life expectancy compared with other Arctic countries.

Second, investment in the infrastructure, the economy of the Russian Arctic, the cost of developing Arctic oil and gas reach space heights just trillions of rubles. "Rosneft" in 2008 estimated the cost of the oil development in the Arctic, which may amount to 61 trillion rubles. Of the amount claimed 45 trillion rubles. Investment required for the development of the offshore oil and 16 trillion explorations8. Naturally, the amount of the costs are constantly changing, largely depend on the demand and prices, prevailing market conditions. Deferred until the 30s of the XXI century Shtokman project, the growth of shale gas production in the United States are the main examples.

Former Minister of Regional Development of the Russian Federation V. Basargin in April 2012 reported that the design calculations for the implementation of the strategic priorities in the Arctic by 2020 will require about 1.3 trillion rubles. Around 503 billion rubles must allocate the federal budget, 724 billion - the regions. Another $80 billion - the share of the business [11]. One part of the arctic projects for the creation of the new transport corridors and the development of the new deposits of the hydrocarbons with the maintenance of the ecological balance. Another, no less important – is the development of the social infrastructure, access to the social services and improving the quality of life, the preservation of the cultural heritage of indigenous people. All these tasks were allegedly taken into account when developing strategies Development of the Russian Arctic (February 2013).

However, the project developed by the Russian Ministry of Regional Development of the State program "Socio-economic development of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation until 2020" will require funding for nearly two trillion rubles, including from the federal budget will allocate 600 billion rubles, and extrabudgetary sources expected to attract more than 1 trillion rubles

• ⁹. Pays special attention to the development of the ecological tourism in the Arctic species, shift migration, the formation of the core network of the public roads. By this time in the zone of extremely low temperatures should appear well-developed railway network and implemented large-scale infrastructure projects. As declared priority to improve the quality of life of people living in the North, as well as ensuring an effective balance between economic activity and the preservation of the environment - as stated by the Minister of Regional Development of Russia I. Slyunyaev XI at a meeting of the General Assembly of the Northern Forum in October 2013 [12]. If such stra-

• tegic policy will be implemented in the practice, it opens the possibility for a real inter-regional integration of the subjects of the Russian Arctic.

Leaving aside the problems of the use of the modern technology, the balance of economy and ecology in this article, I will note the importance of the Arctic to the conclusion of the solidarity and the social cohesion. Without dialogue geopolitical and strategic partnership, concentration of the resources, finance, applying the most advanced technology to master the Arctic simply can not be alone, one country. The Arctic solidarity is manifested as the integration of the economy, politics, and culture, social services in a variety of the forms both at the international and interregional levels. Partnership of the global oil companies in the Arctic is aimed, for example, to make a profit is basically a purely economic interest. Public-private partnership is to some extent balance or compromises the interests of the private business and the state. There are also other kinds of the partnerships Arctic, opening up new opportunities for the inter-regional integration in the Russian Arctic. Actual formation of the social cohesion as a public good, stable social relationships, reduce disparities in the regional development of the Russian Arctic everyone to have access to the jobs, stimulate activity , tolerance and responsibility of the people, their involvement in the life of the society on the basis of the common values.

The conclusion

The general conclusion can be made such that in the functioning of the Russian chain of command regional power elites of the subjects of the Russian Arctic is not yet ready for the horizontal integration. This is evidenced by the creation of the practical experience of the White Sea, as discussed in the article above. Spatial fragmentation of the Russian Federation for more than 80 subjects is in itself a conflict-factor hindering the development of the inter-regional integration. Leaders of the each subject of the Russian Arctic are motivated primarily by the realization of their current needs and regional target programs. Subjects of the Russian Arctic are the part of the several federal districts also is not particularly motivated to deepen inter-regional integration in the Arctic.

The reason for this lies not even in the human judgment. Acting objectively centralized federal system of the governance and power, budgeting does not leave room for the effective integration of the convergence regions, the establishment of the Arctic partnerships. Existing problems of the investing costly Arctic projects permanently limit the possibilities for their timely implementation.

In terms of the existing and ever-changing climatic and environmental risks are numerous current challenges in the Russian Arctic objectively require significantly upgrade management framework of the Arctic regions and municipalities in Russia as the federal to the regional and municipal levels. Therefore, it becomes urgent establishment of the Arctic regions of Russia Union as a public-private partnership type of innovation in the XXI century.

Sustainable development of the Russian Arctic as an integrated macro-region will be determined by the quality of the human capital, economic potential and innovative, social system and the nature of the interaction between Russian Arctic. Developing integration in the Arctic, it is important to provide the necessary assistance to business entities in establishing business relations, the search for the investment, joint ventures and partnerships. Facilitate the provision of information on the legal, border, immigration and other issues, to transport tourists to the Arctic islands and the coast of the northern seas. Formation of a single Arctic infrastructure (transport, energy, communications, and information) will require a long time and huge investment, but it will eventually provide the population and the economic entities heat and energy to create modern industry on complex mining, processing of the mineral and biological resources.

The above conceptual approaches topic of the inter-regional integration Arctic actors certainly does not end there. The editors of "Arctic and North" is ready to continue our publications on the subject, including Arctic projects in the public administration, industry, transport, culture, education, as envisaged in the future, and already implemented at this time. As a result, we plan to create an information bank of the Arctic project in the XXI centure.