The cluster approach in ensuring the competitiveness of the participants of grain and grain products market

Автор: Petrushina O.V.

Журнал: Вестник аграрной науки @vestnikogau

Статья в выпуске: 6 (51), 2014 года.

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The article analyzes the current content of the concept of «agro-industrial cluster» and the author's understanding of the process of clustering regional space is represented. View on the essence of competition through the prism of the cluster approach is reflected. The assessment results of the potential of the clustering regional space of Kursk region on the sphere of activity «agriculture» are presented. The main factors affecting the ability to combine participants of grain and grain products market in the agro-industrial cluster are reflected. The algorithm of making decision about the appropriateness of combining participants of grain and grain products market to a cluster through economic and mathematical modeling based on the theory of fuzzy sets is described. Calculated estimation of the advisability of combining existing participants of grain and grain products market in the agro-industrial cluster is presented. The results of empirical studies on the basis of official statistical reporting of model enterprises - potential cluster participants are presented.

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Grain, cluster, factors, evaluation, competitiveness

Короткий адрес: https://sciup.org/147124212

IDR: 147124212

Текст научной статьи The cluster approach in ensuring the competitiveness of the participants of grain and grain products market

By the law of the Russian Federation «On grain» established that the grain is a national treasure, one of the main factors of economic stability [1]. Grain and grain products market is comparable with the core in the development of the agrarian economy and the agri-food market, largely determine the functioning of all its participants.

World markets interact and evolve as a single organism, capable of reacting quickly to changes. The practice of imposing sanctions on individual states has shown that, despite the importance of their economies in the global system, «organism» pretty quick adapt to new conditions in the case of loss of particular market, and it is actualize the issue of domestic cooperation and joint search for the best ways of developing for representatives business and government. World experience gives examples of increasing the competitiveness of territories and economic entities through the implementation of a cluster regional policy [2].

Diversity and individuality of clusters complicate their typification. There are various definitions of this form of relationships between the different actors of business community and authorities. Understanding and interpretation of the distinguishing features, essence and features of agro-industrial clusters is also quite extensive (Table 1).

In practice, Russia has not yet created any agro-industrial cluster. Still is no single universally accepted definition of the term «cluster», the definition of a cluster is not fixed by law. Within the framework of considered problems, we understand cluster as sustainable intersectoral partnership territorial subjects of the market, including the state, in the framework of the implementation of current production, financial, economic activity and consolidation of strategic initiatives to improve the competitiveness of cluster members.

In essence, we believe that clustering is a modern market mechanism coordinating the interests of participants in agricultural markets. Practical realization of the cluster approach requires a detailed study of the prerequisites for creation of the agro-industrial cluster formations. Assessing the potential of clustering through calculating the integral coefficient of clustering potential in sphere of activity «agriculture» in the Kursk region (3.2) led to the conclusion about the practicability of the question consideration of sectoral cluster structures creation [4]. Using the techniques of cognitive modeling revealed key aspects of structuring cluster based on the value chain of the final product [5].

Table 1 – The current content of the term agribusiness cluster [3]

The essence of the concept «cluster» as a phenomenon	Trends and realities of clusters development	Features of the concept of «cluster» in agroindustrial complex
The dynamics in the development from the «group» of participants to the «system»	Formation of clusters in conditions of the growth of science intensity and innovation.	Agriculture - a strategic industry
		Industry generates a substantial amount of biological wastes
Localization
Independence of participants (legal)
	The growth of high processability of agro-industrial complex	The huge potential of using ultrafast processes in a regime with peaking
Multisectoral nature
Voluntariness	Incomplete upload of processing and animal feed industry
		The use of technologies of local application
Informality
Unique competitive advantages of location		The significant role of clusters in the development of rural territories
	The growth of the ecological compatibility of agricultural production
Global strategies	Increased competition with the entry of Russia into the WTO, sanctions policy
Strong competitive positions in the country and world market

When assessing the consolidation to cluster, for the participants of grain and grain products market the main objectives are expanding production capacity, reducing all sorts of costs in the way of increasing revenues and profits. The main factors affecting the possibility of combining participants of grain and grain products market in the agro-industrial cluster are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 – Main factors affecting the possibility of combining participants of grain and grain products market in the agro-industrial cluster

Factors	Characteristics
1. Labour resources	Assessment of staff and system working with staff
1.1. Management team	Strategic unity and effectiveness of current management
1.2. Production staff	Monitoring of staff on working specialties, labor productivity
1.3. HR-system	Staff selection system, additional training, advanced training and retraining, encouraging the development of labor potential.
2. Management quality	The implementation of the strategic objectives of development
2.1. Resource intensity	The efficiency of using limited resources in ensuring production activity
2.2. Profitability	Economic efficiency of production, financial, and economic activity
2.3. Stability	Positioning in the market, the financial stability of the enterprise
3. Partnerships	The assessment of possibility of participation in the cluster
3.1. The volume of production	The volume of production this type of product required for other members of the cluster
3.2. The structure of production	The share of these products in the total production of the enterprise
3.3. The structure of consumption	The share of these products in final products (except grain producers)
4. Property providing	Production potential
4.1. Adequacy of the property composition	Structure and status of main and circulation funds
4.2. Territorial positioning	The geographical position of the company in relation to other potential cluster participants
4.3. Growth potential	The possibility of expanding the production base
5. Competitive advantages	Revenue increase and expansion of customer base
5.1. Market share growth	Expanding the range of products and sales market
5.2. The quality policy	Improving the technical, technological processes, logistical support of production
6. Financial result	Improvement of financial results
6.1. Cost minimization	Optimization and minimization of enterprise costs
6.2. The increase in net profit	Improving the effectiveness of financial and economic activity of enterprise

Deciding on the feasibility of combining participants of grain and grain products market in the cluster is possible through economic and mathematical modeling based on the theory of fuzzy sets by determining the overall index of the possibility of combining [6].

Sequentially forming plurality of basic factors influencing the possibility of combining economic entities in the cluster (x 1 , x 2 , ..., x n ) defined in group membership (enlarged influencing factors) through the function y 1 ... y n form the hierarchical classification of the factors of influence. Term sets of basic factors are defined as low (L), below average (BA), average (A), above average (AA), high (H).

When calculating the enlarged influencing factors, Mamdani algorithm of fuzzy inference implemented through defuzzification of results by the method of the center of gravity.

Variant of the settlement estimation results of the feasibility of combining participants of grain and grain products market to a cluster is presented in Table 3.

The value of the overall index of the possibility of unification 5.8309 indicates the ability to create a cluster.

Results of empirical studies based on the results of official statistical reporting model enterprises - potential cluster members (№ 1-5) showed that due to optimization processes of goods exchange, for participant 5 benefits of joining the cluster formation reduces the cost of finished products at 13.97%, for the participant 3 - 6.4%, and for the participant 1 to increase the profitability of production by 2.3%.

Table 3 - the settlement estimation of the feasibility of combining the market participants in the agroindustrial cluster

Parameter	The sequence number of participant					Final assessment
	1	2	3	4	5
	х 1 , х 6 , X 11 ,™, X 76	х 2 , х 7 , X 12 ,™, X 77	х 3 , х 8 , X 13 ,™, X 78	х 4 , х 9 , X 14 ,™, X 79	х 5 , х 10 , X 15 ,™, X 80
у 1 - management team	A	AA	A	BA	H	6,6587
у 2 - production staff	A	BA	BA	A	AA	5,3257
у 3 - HR-system	L	L	AA	A	A	3,2578
у 4 - resource intensity	H	A	AA	A	H	7,2657
у 5 - profitability	BA	A	A	A	AA	4,9867
у 6 - stability	BA	BA	A	AA	H	5,2658
у 7 - the volume of production	H	H	AA	A	A	7,9587
у 8 - the structure of production	AA	H	A	A	L	7,1257
у 9 - the structure of consumption	L	H	BA	A	AA	5,2657
у io - assets	L	BA	A	A	AA	4,9576
у ii - territory	A	AA	AA	A	H	7,0050
у 12 - growth potential	BA	A	BA	AA	AA	6,0080
у 13 - growth in market share	L	A	L	A	BA	3,5987
у 14 - quality	A	A	AA	A	A	6,0001
у 15 - cost minimization	A	AA	L	H	H	6,0247
у 16 - growth in net profit	AA	H	BA	AA	H	6,5897
G - the overall index of the possibility of unification						5,8309

Список литературы The cluster approach in ensuring the competitiveness of the participants of grain and grain products market

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