The day of the Arctic – the dialogue of the people and cultures without borders, a way to tolerance and partnership

In the 29 of February 2012 firstly in Russia held an event the «Day of the Arctic». The issue of our journal is dedicated to this event. We have tried to compare in the sixth issue of the journal, all the material, which were relating to this holiday, including, which were previously published and which were for the first time introduced into the scientific circulation. And to answer on the questions that are closely associated with the celebration of the day of the Arctic. What is the mission and functions of the event, its relevance to the lives of actors and municipalities of the Arctic Zone of Russia? Who has initiated this action that made it positioning, like a cold day? What events took place in the city of Arkhangelsk and other places? In this issue publishes a public lecture of the new governor of the Arkhangelsk region, Candidate of economic sciences, I.A. Orlova, "The Arctic in policy and economy of the Arkhangelsk region". For the first time in the press, we publish a portfolio of development projects of the Arkhangelsk region, which was developed by the project team center "Arctic Partnership» the Institute of Management and regional sciences of NArFU and the Ministry of Economic Development of the Arkhangelsk region. It is also published materials of the round table "Code of the Arctic," which we all tried to guess together (referring to the code). We hope to continue the dialogue, which was started, and to hear and understand the opinion of our esteemed readers, who is interested in the life of people in the Arctic and the North, to the environment and the development of the northern territories of the country. Please send us your feedbacks, comments, constructive suggestions, new ideas and projects of the Arctic.

The Mission of a new, truly celebration of the Arctic can be formulated as follows: "The Day of the Arctic - is a dialogue between people and cultures that has no boundaries, the path to tolerance and partnership between business and government!" The purpose of the Day of the Arctic, in my opinion - is not only a desire to articulate, to designate real problems of people living in harsh, extreme conditions of the Arctic and the North, but also suggest ways to improve the quality of life, improvement of the entire system of governance actors of the AZRF and municipalities, to understand the lessons of tolerance, religious tolerance and peacefulness. That’s why it is important to develop and implement real projects in all sectors of the northern societies, including those aimed at protecting the natural and cultural environment, developing partnerships and business relations between people, government and business in AZRF.

The key concept of the new holiday is tolerance. The phenomenon of tolerance is now manifested in various spheres of society, including education, politics, management, and culture. Tolerance is not founded originally in the human genome, and it is a derivative product of culture, education, and the whole system of social relations. We hope that the Day of the Arctic will contribute to the formation of tolerant attitudes in the societies of the North. Tolerance should be understood not just as tolerance, but as mutual respect, constructive dialogue of cultures and people, which has no boundaries. Tolerance can be viewed as a natural social and cultural norm, setting a positive personality to the outside of its differentiated society, which manifests itself in the design and evaluation of other friendly, rejection of confrontation, respect and acceptance of terms of the opponent. At the basement of tolerant behavior lay the principles of humanism, respect and solidarity, which can be viewed as a socio-ethical imperative in the management of conflicts.

Focuses on the study of tolerance in philosophy, law, culture, psychology, politics, and conflict resolution. In the field of religious tolerance is seen as religious tolerance, freedom of conscience. In the right of tolerance is understood as a requirement of building a society based on the law. In cultural studies the main attention is paid to the selection of cultures that promote or hinder the formation and development of tolerance. Ethnic tolerance is manifested as a nonviolent, friendly attitude toward other ethnic groups with their own culture and values. From the point of tolerance is a psychological approach neutrality, indifference, located on the side is always personal, but on the other hand, tolerance is manifested in the maximum compassion and kindness [1, p. 7].

There are several problems of the tolerance in the inter – ethnic relations, in the sphere of interpersonal communications, in the policy of multiculturalism. We believe that the Day of the Arctic will contribute to the formation of tolerance in people's minds and the ability to accept as a norm of social relations of goodwill and trust, mutual understanding and solidarity. For the formation of ethnic tolerance is necessary to use all available opportunities. The Day of the Arctic is also positioned like a cold day and it is another opportunity to move forward in mutual understanding among people’s living in different countries of the Arctic macro region. We made only the first step in this direction. Further steps may be directed to the strengthening of multilateral partnership of the Arctic people, government and business, as well as the use of benchmarking to manage municipalities, implementation of the policy of multiculturalism in the ecology of the natural and cultural environment.

The Arctic in the ordinary consciousness, public opinion is often associated with cold, ice, snow, northern lights, and harsh living conditions of people. It is no accident that in the Arctic Day was originally marketed as a cold day. The great task of the cold day in terms of management at the same time as a purely pragmatic, and it is to attract the attention of the public, govern- ment, business to the major problems of the Russian Arctic. The harsh climate brings people together; it makes human relations warmer than at the South. In the south the land is valued. On the Northern lands of tundra and taiga, there are a lot of will, a lot of space and there are very few people, that’s why ,the communion become a real human luxury in winter, and in any other time of the year. The Cold Day in the Arctic can contribute positively to this constructive dialogue and communication development of the Arctic. In the "Polar Anthology", there is the inscription on one of the tablet of the ancient corean: "The people shall live together with the stamp of the winter, it is their life." The hidden meaning of this inscription has tried to understand the Orthodox priest and poet Konstantin Kravtsov, who was born in Salekhard [2, p. 33]. How inexplicable cold, snow, northern lights. Many people who have been living in the North like fresh, clean air of the Arctic seas and coasts. It is easy to breathe here, and it is very beautiful in winter, when the whole earth is covered with white snow.

The December anomalous warming of the last year of many my compatriots has caused a real nostalgia for a normal Russian winter. Sleet, ice, sleet snow with water didn’t make many people happy. I would like to see a new 2012 in more comfortable for the northern winter weather with a soft snow, white snow drifts and gently frosts. I want so much a winter fairytale with Christmas miracles! And we were really angry because we waited cold so much?1

"The day of the cold surely will come at the last day of the calendar winter – it will be at February 28 in a normal year and at 29 February in a leap year," - was convinced Matfey Mihailovich Chuprov, the head of the Arctic initiatives, and the head of the family-clan "you" in the Nenets Autonomous District. The center of the Arctic initiative includes representatives from the Association of Nenets People "Yasavey", the Regional Public Movement "Izvatasyas", regional media and just active people of the NAO. The main purpose of the joint activity - is the formation of ethnic (Arctic) initiatives and their distribution throughout the world. The members of the Centre for the Arctic initiatives proposed to introduce a new holiday for the northerners – The Cold Day in the Arctic. "Cold for us - is a natural human environment, the habitat of all living creatures in the Arctic. The Arctic cold is one of the main fundamental parts of the climate on our planet "- says M.M. Chuprov [3].

The philosophical locus of a new holiday on the last day of the winter calendar Chuprov Matfei and his supporters decided that it should be cold, while not excluding other name - "The Day of the Arctic." The cold at the same time is considered as the natural habitat of the life in the Arctic and the North, as a universal heritage. He characterized the mission of unification, as in the cold people tend to be closer to each other to keep warm, to give heat, and in the warm weather, everybody wants to stay in the shadows. "Today there are a lot of talks about the fight against global warming. But we must not fight against warming, we should protect the cold, which brings together all the inhabitants of the Arctic, and it really needs protection. And the inhabitants of the Arctic become its guardians [4].

However, the functionality of the Day of the Arctic is much broader and goes beyond the borders of the protection of only cold. Ecology of the arctic regions of northern seas, flora and fauna of the Arctic and, more importantly, the unique climate of the region, many other issues also require constant attention. The revival and development of coastal communities, research centers, airports and other infrastructure of the Arctic, among the Arctic Russian strategy, for example, is one of the priorities of the NAO as the subject of the Russian Federation, which undoubtedly belongs to the pressing problems of the management. Ecology of the environment and economic development of the area are not mutually exclusive processes. We should find a balance between economy and ecology, not only at the level of a given region, and in general in all AZRF, it is no less important task than protecting the cold.

The Day of the Arctic certainly made a politic function, clearly highlight the relations of the federal, regional and local government authorities to the problems of the Arctic territories. From the outset, the Arctic was conceived as a cross-regional festival. Such an initiative should not be limited to one Nenets Autonomous District. The North of Russia is large and diverse, but the existing problems in many regions AZRF are quite typical. It is very important to the population, including indigenous, not to be forgotten or and not to lost their traditions.

Functionally, it is the most public and simple way, as a celebration of the Arctic, we can draw the attention to a considerable part of Russian citizens to the "real miracle", as the Arctic, to the problems that actually exist in management, economics, ecology, politics, and culture. "The idea is good - to introduce such a holiday in all the northern regions. Even without a holiday, but simply an occasion to remember about the Arctic. This day will help to gently remind the serious. About that, for example, that there is no training for working in high latitudes, for scientific research. The fact that the infrastructure of the Russian Arctic coast as abandoned and destroyed, that it will be easier to build a new Coastal Station than to restore the old "- said the honorary polar worker Arnold Budretsky2.

The international function of the Day of the Arctic is to be supported in the Nordic countries, like the USA, Canada, who feels great stress about the environmental condition of the Arctic. In the international calendar, there is no such holiday. To preserve the natural climatic conditions of different parts of the world must unite the efforts of many countries with different geographical location, economic situation and culture. The value of the Arctic for the global society is very great. Here are concentrated the huge reserves of petroleum and other natural resources are the shortest transcontinental shipping lanes.

For the first time about the need of holding of a "Day of protection of the cold", dedicated to the problems of Global Ecology, spoke a few years ago. In 2009 this idea was even approved by the Secretary-General of UNESCO Koichiro Matsuura. However, the real given the translation of ideas has begun only in 2011 when the Central Arctic initiatives in Naryan-Mar offered each year to devote the last day of winter calendar to discuss the problems of global warming and to protect the fragile environment of the North3.

The Center of the Arctic initiatives in Naryan-Mar organized a movement in support of the international protection of the Day of the cold and Arctic. To identify the relationship of people to the philosophy of public cold Naryan-Mar was organized and carried out a serious preparatory of work. The Center of the Arctic initiatives organized a vote for the establishment of the International Day for the protection of the cold on the central square of Naryan-Mar. Within a few days campaigning was conducted with the disputes, meetings, discussions, outdoor advertising, and the active participation of the media. November 5, 2011 in Naryan-Mar was held the great vote in support of the Day of the Cold. On this day in the center of Naryan-Mar was established real Nenets tent, where it was accepted the arguments for and against. The Election Commission was headed by Father Frost, a member of the Election Commission was a reindeer named Grisha, and the secretary - the Snow Maiden. 80% of the people voted for the cold and 20% for the heat. The cold is not for everyone's taste, it is clear and quite understandable that the opposition is always and everywhere, at all times and all peoples. Voting was conducted openly, honestly and no violations were noted, as well as subsequent rallies in support of the opposition warmth of those who did not participate in this vote, but does not accept the cold at all.

The idea of celebrating the Day of the Cold was actively supported by the information agency "RIA Novosti" in St. Petersburg, which hold in November 23, 2011 the round table and the topic of the discussion was "Do we need a day of cold in the Arctic regions?" What are the main problems of the Russian Arctic? What are the perspectives of the development of the Russian Arctic - is it in the sea and in the land? How to protect the ecology of the Russian North, and what contribution should make in this case, each polar region, including through public events? What the unique studies do we have in the high latitudes of the Russian scientists? These and other issues discussed, among the round table participants: the Adviser to the President of the Russian Geographical Society (RGS) among the International Cooperation Sergei Katikov, project coordinator of the RGS Andrew Pasternak, director of the Russian Arctic and Antarctic Museum, the chairman of the Polar Commission RGS, the famous polar explorer Victor Boyarsky, the head of the public organization " Center of the Arctic initiatives "in the NAO, the head of the family-clan of Indigenous Peoples of the North" you "Matthew Chuprov, the director of the Institute of the Management and regional studies in the NarFU Yuri Lukin, THE head of the Laboratory of ice navigation in the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Sergei Frolov, a professor of Russian State Hydro meteorological University, Valery Malinin; the General director of the Media Association of the North-West, Ivan Benz, the Senior Research Fellow of the Institute of Linguistic Studies Hope Bulatov, etc.4 All the participants supported the idea of a holiday, and the discussion was only about the name of the holiday - the Day of the cold, Arctic Day, the Day of the people of the Arctic or polar day. It was noted that the word "cold" is not the most apt name, because it is associated with a cold "cold war", the cold between human relations. The best name for this day should attract attention of Russian and world public opinion to the people who lives in the Arctic, to the problems that arise from them, to the environment, education in the Arctic region5.

Arisen in the NAO public initiative endorsed at a meeting of the coordinating council of the Association of Indigenous People of the North, Siberia and the Far East, which hold in Khanty-Mansiysk. It was in particular noted that the warming is threatening the traditional way of the Northerners. Already, the shepherds are increasingly complaining that the alternation of the winter thaws and frosts leads to losses in herds, as the wounded deer feet on the solid crust [5].

This initiative was supported by the organizers of the exhibition "Worlds Ocean 2011", which is dedicated to the Northern Sea Route and Russian scientists and businessmen who is working to develop infrastructure in the Arctic. They wrote a letter to the Prime Minister Vladimir Putin that, in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, there is an organization - the Centre of the Arctic initiatives, which put forward the idea to estab lish the Day of the Arctic. It was proposed to extend this idea and the next year to announce like the year of the Russian Arctic [6].

The editors of the journal "The Arctic and the North" and the new created in December 2011 the Center of the "Arctic Partnership" in the NArFU has also publicly expressed the support of the initiative of Matthew Chuprov. Through sponsorship of the information on this project, we regularly publish materials on this topic on our website and in the journal6.

The support of the new holiday was declared at the meeting with Matvey Chuprov February 8, 2012, Igor Fedorov, the governor of the NAO. M. Chuprov told to the governor in details about their plans to attract the public attention to the Arctic. In St. Petersburg, held a press conference devoted to the Day of Cold, and the celebration planned for the end of the month, not only in Naryan-Mar - neighboring Arkhangelsk, Moscow and Yakutia agreed to held this holiday too. The famous explorers agreed to come to Naryan-Mar [7].

Our analysis shows that the idea of celebrating the Day of the Arctic in one form or another is gradually gripped by the masses, was supported by the public and the media, including Moscow and St. Petersburg. The center of the "Arctic partnership" has the answers to previously sent letters inviting them to join this campaign from Severodvinsk, Krasnoyarsk Territory,

Dudinka, and Murmansk. However, the high activity until just really showed the power of two subjects AZRF - Arkhangelsk Oblast and Nenets Autonomous District.

Picture 1. Flash-mob, dedicated to the Day of the Arcitc

The most widely in the 2012, the Arctic Day was celebrated in Arkhangelsk. On this day, a solemn meeting devoted to this action in the auditorium of the NarFu named after M.V. Lomonosov, where a public lecture, which was told by the Arkhangelsk Oblast, the Governor - Igor Orlov (the text of the lecture is published in this issue). The signing of the Agreement between the Government of the Arkhangelsk Region and the Northern (Arctic) Federal University. The presentation of the projects of young scientists on the basis of NBI NO "Arctic" were hold, a demonstration of the results of 11 expeditions, involving employees of the university. At the Institute of Management and regionologii was hold a round table the "code of the Arctic." In the regional Drama Theatre hosted an anniversary gala concert of the Northern State Academic Russian Folk Choir.

On the streets of Arkhangelsk spilled out flash mob – an organized mass action, devoted to the Day of the Arctic.

The round table on "Paying attnetion to the civil society and to the problems of the Arctic", it was film screenings, meetings with explorers, which were held in Naryan-Mar. In one form or another the Arctic Day was celebrated in Severodvinsk, Dudinka, Murmansk, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Yakutia, Evenkia. In the Public Chamber of Russia held a meeting of the Organizing Committee for the International Day of Protection of Cold. The meeting was attended by representatives of the enterprises and organizations engaged in the research and the development of the Arctic and Antarctic, politicians, scientists and intellectuals. At the meeting, Org-Committee by teleconference in real-time action groups attended from St. Petersburg, Arkhangelsk and Naryan-Mar. This holiday was timed second shift of the Arctic camps "Kola Pearl" and the February 29, 2012 to climb the mountain Angvundaschorr - is the mountain in the center of the Kola Peninsula in the Murmansk region. At the top of the mountain Angvundaschorr hoisted the flag of the World group of the cosmonauts. In addition, the members of the expedition tested the navigation equipment, "Ar-kan", carried out measurements of the signal power of domestic satellites GLONASS satellite constellation, as well as conducted research in the field radio magnetism»7.

We still have a perspective, but not realized idea to make the transition to the border of the circumpolar zone the "United Arctic" through the territory of Russia and other polar countries. Such a polar "Around the World" will begin in Naryan-Mar and will end in it8.

By publishing in this issue the materials of holding in Russia, the first Arctic Day, we hope that an interesting and necessary initiative coming from below, in the next year and will be supported by the government and the public in all subjects of AZRF. What should we protect? –The Arctic cold, the ecology of the environment, people, what values is important, even if each entity chooses for him. The Day of the Arctic has actually become an example of tolerance, mutual respect of people to each other without any pressure and manifestations of extremism.

The Day of the Arctic, of course, has the potential to become an international holiday, as stated at the press conference in RIA "Novosti" the Rector and the Professor of the NArFU E. Kudryashov, "In January 2013 we are celebrating the 20th anniversary of the Barents-Arctic cooperation, and we have already made a proposal to our foreign partners and the BEAR Network at the University of the Arctic that the next year will be celebrates the Day of the Arctic at the international level9.