The importance of digital technologies in ensuring employment

Innovative processes taking place around the world require the adaptation of each country's economic development strategy in this direction. The concept of human capital for sustainable socio-economic development of the national economy and the effective functioning of human resources are clearly defined role. At the same time, to ensure the sustainable development of the economy of the country depends on the reforms taking place in the labor market at the international level makes.

As noted in the Address of the President to the Parliament of our country, “Today we are moving on the path of innovative development aimed at radical renewal of all spheres of life of the state and society. This is not in vain, of course. Because who will win in today’s fast-paced world? A state based on a new idea, a new idea, innovation achievments.

Innovation is the future. If we start building our great future today, we must start it on the basis of innovative ideas, innovative approaches.” [1]

Indeed, today we are embarking on a path of innovative development proposed at radically renewing all spheres of life of the state and society. Based on the changes in this area, the tasks set by the President, on January 12 this year, the Cabinet of Ministers adopted a resolution " On measures to create effective mechanisms for the introduction of scientific and innovative developments and technologies in production ." The purpose of this decision is to improve the mechanisms of state regulation of innovation, improve the innovation environment, increase the efficiency and quality of research, create the necessary conditions for competitive scientific and practical results in domestic and foreign markets.

In the context of economic liberalization, the state pursues an active socioeconomic policy to ensure employment of the able-bodied population, reduce unemployment, and regulate the labor market. Indeed, the use of labor potential, increasing its economic efficiency is an important source of joining the ranks of developed countries for the development of the national economy, improving living standards, and improving social life.

Referring to the structural analysis of innovative employment , which is a new type of employment, allows us to gain a deeper understanding of its overall formation, to determine the interdependence of its various levels of complexity, reversibility, flexibility, to study and evaluate structural changes, to identify objective causes gives

One of the main tasks in economic activity is to build a competitive economy in the Action Strategy for the five priority areas of development of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021, including the State Program "Year of Active Entrepreneurship, Support of Innovative Ideas and Technologies." Therefore, the training of competitive personnel in the labor market plays a very important role.

As the President of the country Sh.M. Mirziyoev noted, “Despite the need to employ 1.5 million people a year in our country, last year the Employment Assistance Centers employed only 248 thousand people or 16.5%. The main reasons for this are the outdated forms and methods of work, as well as the formality in solving employment problems "[1].

Today, more than 16,000 crimes, or one in four, are committed by unemployed citizens. Without addressing this problem, the intended results in crime prevention will not be achieved. To overcome this problem, every official must fully support businesses in the regions, help create new jobs, and take concrete measures to ensure self-employment of citizens. Therefore, one of the main tasks in our country is to "create new jobs and ensure the employment of the population, especially graduates of secondary special and higher education institutions, ensure the balance of the labor market and infrastructure development, reduce unemployment."

Literature review

Foreign and national economic theories have extensive experience in the analysis of the labor market at the present time, despite the scientific concept of "labor market" continues to be a heated debate. For many years the leading scientific schools, representatives of the labor market, labor or labor, the domestic market, the company sold the presence or absence of the essence: the price of labor

(wages) or value (the value of the work force), and a clear idea of the purpose, etc. they cannot come. [3]

In particular, the number of supporters of the broad interpretation of the "labor market" as "a system of social relations, social norms and institutions that ensure the creation, exchange and use of labor" is growing. Among them are A.A Nikiforova and some other economists. show that it is necessary [4].

Economic scientists Kh.X.Abdurahmonov confirmation of this idea: "Labor market re-occurrence of the labor force: all stages of its production (sociodemographic perspective, the emergence of new labor force), circulation (purchase and sale activities) The distribution of the workforce (social, occupational and regional distribution) and used in the field of labor migration stages of the relationship between the employee and employer social system must be understood "[5].

The textbook "Labor Market Infrastructure" by Sh.R. Kholmuminov and N.U. Arabov provides a scientific and theoretical analysis of the interdependence of the labor market infrastructure and its components, a methodology for comprehensive assessment and forecasting of the effectiveness of its development, as well as governmental and non-governmental work. the main directions of formation and development of employment services have been identified. Also, a strategic concept has been developed to improve the organizational and economic mechanism of labor market regulation and increase the efficiency of labor market infrastructure development [6].

In the economic literature, along with the term "labor market" there is also the concept of "labor market". Often they are used in a sense. But it is necessary to find a reasonable answer to the question of whether these terms really mean the same thing or whether each of them has its own characteristics. In this regard, it should be noted that the former US Secretary of Labor tried to prohibit the use of the term "labor market" in official documents of the Ministry. According to him, the term "labor market" means that labor is sold and bought in the same way as grain, oil or metal. . On any given day, thousands of companies and thousands of employees will come to the market and try to implement this agreement. ” [7]

This approach was supported by the Russian economist, scientist A.O.Kotlyar. He denied the existence of the domestic labor market and employees to hire contract labor market conditions of documents, recruitment probe later date because they do not have to make any changes to the property market, sold, and used the power of the business concerned. [8]

Proponents of the concept of a broad interpretation of the concept of "labor market" believe that such a restriction narrows the scope of labor relations and leads to the restriction of the whole process to job search. According to them, there is every reason to consider the "labor market" in a broader sense, because the set of "employee-employer" social relations are social partners at all stages in which they work together, all the situations that may arise in the economic system, including production. rate of decline, unemployment, closure of the enterprise, reduction of wages, and so on.

The above description of the first part of the market economy, the labor market, and secondly, the ability to work in the labor market (labor), and thirdly, buying and selling system, labor market, social and economic relations in the country.

Methods of equalization and comparison, grouping and observation, statistical analysis, data collection, economic-mathematical, expert assessment, sociological research, drawing conclusions are widely used in the regulation of the rural labor market, data collection and analysis. It should be noted that research in the field of employment, labor market, mobilization of labor resources provides the necessary and reliable information to develop scientifically based programs of socio-economic development, to address social problems and conflicts that constantly accompany the work of employees.

Agricultural research, scientific analysis of the labor market on the one hand, and a real help to expand the existing knowledge about the reality, on the other hand, the employment of labor resources and related processes contribute to our society

Analysis and results

The results of reforms in the development of small business and private entrepreneurship in our country are also reflected in the indicators of employment.

The number of labor resources in the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2019 amounted to 18,672.5 thousand people, an increase over 2018 by 183.6 thousand people, or 1.0%.

In 2019, the share of employment in small business and private entrepreneurship in total employment was 78.3%. The share of employment in the public sector in the total employed population in the country was 17.3%, and in the private sector - 82.7%.

The number of economically active population in the structure of labor resources was 14357.3 thousand people (76.9% of the total labor resources), and the number of economically inactive population was 4315.2 thousand people (23.1%). The number of employed people in the country amounted to 13,520.3 thousand people, an increase of 1.7% compared to the same period in 2018 (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Distribution of the number of labor resources by regions (January-December 2019, thousand people)

Source: Data of the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan

The forecast parameters of the State Program "Job Creation and Employment" in the country are the areas of employment by sectors and the need for employment in the regions, especially young people entering the labor market for the first time, structural changes in the economy and modernization of laborintensive industries. the resulting vacancies, as well as the demand for labor as a result of the development of industry, agriculture and other sectors of the economy, the service sector, private business and entrepreneurship.

The number of employed people in the country increased by 1.7% compared to the same period in 2018. The share of employment in small business and private entrepreneurship was 78.3%.

In 2019, the number of employed population in 2018, compared to the high growth rates in transportation and storage by 2,6%, financial and insurance activities, 2.4%, 2.1% in construction and 1.9% in trade. The share of employees in the context of economic activities in agriculture, forestry and fishing (27.3%), industry (13.5%), trade (11.0%), construction (9.5%) and education (8, 2%)

Figure 2. The number of employed kinds of economic activity. (January-

December 2019, the percentage share of the total)

Source: State Statistics Committee.

At the end of December 2019, the number of unemployed registered as job seekers in the Republic of Uzbekistan amounted to 14.4 thousand people, an increase of 2.9 times compared to the corresponding period of 2018 (5.0 thousand people).

According to the methodology of registration of the unemployed in need of employment, approved by the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan on May 24, 2007 No 106, the number of unemployed in January-December 2019 amounted to 837.0 thousand people and the unemployment rate relative to the economically active population Was 5.8%.

According to the State Statistics Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the number of people employed in the economy in January-December 2019 amounted to 13,520.3 thousand people, an increase over 2018 by 1.7%. Analyzing the number of employed in terms of economic activity, a significant increase in the number of employed compared to 2018 was observed in transportation and storage (2.6%), financial and insurance activities (2.4%), construction (2.1%), trade. (1.9%), in accommodation and catering services (1.7%). The main share of the employed population is in agriculture, forestry and fisheries (27.3%), industry (13.5%), trade (11.0%), construction (9.5%) and education (8.2%). ) sectors (Table 1).