The origins of globalization of the English language in the modern world

In this paper we will study the following problems as:

the origins and causes of the spread of the English language;

the reasons for the increasing role of the English language in the modern world;

whether there is a relationship between the well-being of the population and their knowledge of English. Why did English become the language of international communication and not other languages? This issue can be solved only in two dimensions: historical-geographical and socio-cultural.

First of all, taking into account the historical and geographical facts, it happened due to the active life position of the English seafarers. Their first expeditions were sent to such countries as Asia, Australia, America, Africa, New Zealand, India, etc. Such expeditions had a specific purpose ― colonization of peoples and territories, enrichment. With the rights to the native language of the local population, no one was considered. This colonization dates back several centuries, what is considered a sufficiently long period, from the point of view of history.

So the English language spread to England in the fifth century and came there from Northern Europe, then it spread to the territory of the modern British Isles. In the XI century was the Norman conquest of England, and many members of the nobility were forced to migrate North to Scotland, for this reason, the English language began to spread in this country.

Since the beginning of the XII century English began to spread in Ireland due to the numerous military campaigns of the Anglo-Norman knights. By the end of the XII century Ireland finally fell and fell under English domination. Since the end of XV and the end of XVI centuries began active conquest of America. Colonists who settled in America, also contributed to the spread of the English language. Due to the natural process of assimilation of immigrant families who came to America from Europe, English has become much more widely used as a mother tongue. In other words, more than 90 % of the population speaks English in modern America.

Perhaps the spread of the English language and became a link in the preservation of the unity of the American people, despite the multiculturalism and multilingualism of the population. As a major colonial power, England alone in America had more than 13 British colonies.

Around the same time, the spread of English in Canada. For the first time speech in English sounded at the end of the XV century. At the beginning of the XVI century, African slaves were brought to America to work on sugar plantations. America's population grew rapidly through the forced migration of black slaves. The children of these slaves also began to learn English, and therefore it became perceived as their mother tongue. Meanwhile, the prestige of the English language grew in the world. In the XVIII century, English sailors began to actively explore the southern hemisphere of our planet, for example, Australia and New Zealand.

Australia was originally inhabited by British prisoners, as the authorities of England sought to release the country's prisons. Colonization of New Zealand was not so fast, however, and here there was an inevitable spread of the English language among the local population due to a decent influx of immigrants from England.

Our work is devoted to the analysis of political and cultural events of the British Empire, which did not pass without a trace for the development and life of world civilization, and also contributed to the globalization of the English language. The study of the geopolitical situation in England indicates its powerful colonial policy. For example, I. Pitman in 1873 wrote that this Empire occupies about a third of the globe, and its subjects make up a quarter of the entire population of the planet.

Analysis of colonial policy in England showed that the appetite and aggression of this country has no boundaries, and the spread of the English language occurred and occurred for historical and geographical reasons. The genius of W. Shakespeare allowed England to become famous for centuries, and forever go down in history, in terms of literature and drama.

A number of important discoveries in the field of scientific and technological progress were made by well-known English scientists, which also contributed to the creation of new terminology in English, the penetration of which occurred in all languages of the world. Skillful public policy and a strong economy provided access to knowledge and education, thus turning England into a leading cultural, military, industrial and economic country, which could not but have a beneficial effect on the globalization of the English language.

Over time, the position of the English language only strengthened, and at the beginning of the XX century English became the language of world politics and economy. The cultural heritage and achievements of the technical revolution of England attracted more and more scientists, researchers, entrepreneurs, students, etc. Constant support of the government to maintain and expand the scope of the English language is not in vain, strengthening its position, raising it to the rank of prestigious and popular.

The practical needs of studying intercultural communication arose as a result of the rapid economic development of many countries and regions, revolutionary changes in technology, and the globalization of economic activities. The density and intensity of long-term contacts between representatives of different cultures have increased significantly and continue to increase. Studying the problems of intercultural communication, the features of the interaction of the two cultures are traditionally considered, while their dissimilarity is of increased interest, since knowledge of the differences in cultural systems helps to overcome barriers to effective interaction of peoples. The process of globalization has brought intercultural communication to a new level. Research in the field of intercultural communication is becoming increasingly important. The main goal is to acquire and improve the skills of intercultural communication between representatives of different cultures.