The problem of purification of waste water facilities in the town Novoshakhtinsk

Water is one of the main constituent elements of living matter that plays an enormous role in the biosphere. Based on biological studies, a person consists at 65-70% of water, so his existence is closely connected with it. In other words, without water people can live only 5-7 days. Therefore, the problem of water pollution, as well as insufficient efficiency of purification is closely connected with the person ’s health and normal functioning of all his systems.

The efficiency of the facilities for wastewater purification has a special place in the modern world. In a world where life is going on and progress is moving forward with great speed. The development of the industry entails serious consequences, which in turn makes us think about preventing adverse effects on the hydrosphere.

The composition and water characteristics undergo significant changes in the process of human life. Its usage in domestic usage or in the operation of various types of enterprises leads to a change in its physic-chemical status.

Every day on the earth drinking water supplies decrease as a result of pollution by the activities of various companies, which in turn grows exponentially. Working with dangerous substances for human’s the organizations contribute to the accumulation of toxic substances in wastewater. As purification of drinking and waste water in the region leaves much to be desired, then its consumption can cause serious diseases.

We should not forget about urgent problem such as shortage of fresh water. The pollution of the various rivers, lakes, sources of fresh water, leads to various human diseases, many of which can strongly affect on human health or lead to his death.

The problem of wastewater treatment and waste management generated subsequently is relevant, because the environment, human health and sanitary well-being of cities depend on it . And the higher quality will be removed, the less damage will be caused to the nature and living organisms.

The relevance of the study is substantiated:

– the increasing scarcity of fresh water;

– Sanitary–epidemiological welfare of the population;

– the impact of polluted runoff on the environment;

– insufficient efficiency of existing constructions.

Methods: the following methods were

– optical;

– comparative analysis;

– induction and deduction.

The study was conducted on the example of treatment facilities of the town of Novoshakhtinsk. A technological scheme of purification was considered, the analysis of the effectiveness of the treatment was done. The assessment of real possibilities of treatment facilities of Novoshakhtinsk was done to achieve the requirements for quality of wastewater treatment. On treatment facilities of the sanitation (TFS) is carried out mechanical and biological wastewater treatment. It is a standard scheme, only the equipment is varied.

In the usage of TFS is carried out the production laboratory control (chemical and bacteriological, hydro biological) of the quality of drinking and waste water and environmental protection.

The laboratory carries out its activities in accordance with the production control program, the calendar of the sampling plan, was coordinated with bodies of sanitary–epidemiological control.

According to the laboratory documentation, the quality of treated water in Novoshakhtinsk after purifying for a period of check in April 2018. Having the following indicators (table 1).

Table 1 – report on the work of the TFS in the town of Novoshakhtinsk

Sampling point / indicators	Arrival	After primary sedimentation tanks	After aeration tanks	After secondary sedimentation tanks	Removal efficiency
Smell	fecal matter	Fecal matter	wet	without smell	–
Transparency	2,3	–	–	>18	–
Colouring	grey	grey	grey	Without colour	–
pH	7,74	7,66	–	7,6	–
Floating impurities	Organic impurities	mist	active silt	Was     not found	–
Sediment by volume	2,75	trail	–	–	–
Suspended substances	255,6	154,6	–	21,4	91,63
Ammonium ion	36,79	33,25	0,767	0,744	97,98
Ammonia nitrogen	28,6	25,87	0,597	0,579	97,97
Nitrites	0,151	0,153	0,157	0,167	–
Nitrates	1,088	1,17	130,2	131,58	–

BOD5	272,34	171,58	75,69	2,76	98,99
O2 solution	—	—	6,25	4,72	—
COD	453,97	286,15	125,59	27,05	94,04
Phosphates	3,97	3,66	1,89	1,92	51,64

According to laboratory data, the quality of the effluents purified by TFS, corresponds to the maximum permissible discharge (MPD) for suspended mist, total iron, aluminum, sulfides, petroleum, and ammonia-nitrogen. On indicators such as BOD5, the dry residue, chlorides, sulfates, phosphates, nitrites, nitrates, fats are within VSS.

Conclusion.

Having analyzed the results reflected in the table we can come to the conclusion that some measures should be carried out to solve the determined problem.

Based on this analysis, it can be argued that the treatment facilities are not effective enough, so you need to take the following measures:

• 1.    For the development and modernization of the TFS in the first place requires the construction of drainage networks in those areas where it is absent, there is no sewage system. The rehabilitation of existing pumping stations and sewage treatment is necessary.

• 2.    From the whole sewage network with a length of 145 km, 75% ( that is 109 km) need to repair. So it is necessary to replace existing pipe made of cast iron and steel to polyethylene, which have sufficient durability and high characteristics. They also have smaller mass, which will greatly facilitate their transportation and installation.

• 3.    Works execution necessary for reconstruction of sewage treatment facilities.