The transformation of the territorial and settlement structure, as the factor of the change of the number of country people in the Arkhangelsk region

How does the transformational changes taking place in the territorial settlement structure of the Arkhangelsk region since its formation in 1937, the livelihoods of its rural population? As varied population in the region under the influence of the restructuring process and network types of rural settlements? Finally, as reflected effects of the transformational policies of the government on the socio-economic and demographic development of the territory of the region, which we call the countryside?

All the above issues have been raised by us and remain the subject of the research in the Northern Regional Studies. We call attention to several thorough, in our opinion, the work on this topic. The first contains a thorough characterization of the problems of the economic and demo- graphic development of the Arkhangelsk region in the 60-70s of the last century. He performed the laboratory team of the population and workforce Geography Research Institute of Leningrad State University and has not lost its relevance in the present time [1]. In the second study analyzed the impact of the social issues in the terms of the Arkhangelsk region in the demographic processes, the health of its population [2]. Deep analysis of the socio - economic and demographic processes and their impact on the different spheres of the society in the north during Gorbachev's perestroika and market reforms in the post-Soviet society is presented in the monograph of Professor оf NArFU A. A. Dregalo, V. I. Ulyanovskiy [3].

In my article focuses on the studying the effect of the restructuring of the network and the types of the settlements in the rural areas of the Arkhangelsk region in 1939-2010 years to change the rural population. Censuses provide an opportunity to make the classification of the settlements in the rural areas of the Arkhangelsk province (region - from September 1937). Transformation processes taking place in the territorial settlement structure of the region, had a significant impact on the adjustment of the types and subtypes of the human settlements, the total number of which varies during the investigated period: 1920 - 46, 1939 - 104, in 1959 - 70, 1989 - 19 2010 – 131.

At the same time, we analyzed the changes that occurred during the study period in the two major groupings of the settlements: urban and rural settlements. The first is represented by two types of the settlements - the city and the urban settlement (previously - the factory, the workers' settlement). Second – is the rural settlements include settlements, which located in the rural areas (151 types and subtypes). It is conventionally subdivided us the following groups:

• a)    Historically types of the rural settlements (village, town, hamlet, settlement, etc.).

• b)    Settlements for agricultural purposes .

• c)    Settlements industrial and household use.

• d)    Settlements purpose vehicle and its infrastructure.

• e)    Other types of the rural settlements, including subgroups.

• f)    Settlements of the social sphere.

• g)    Settlements of the housing and household type.

• h)    Settlements of the barrack-barrack type.

• i)    Settlements of the geographical destination.

• j)    Settlements of the for religious purposes.

• k)    Settlements of the official purposes.

In group a) historical types of the rural settlements Census 1920 includes 7 types in 1939 and 1959, their number 6, in the years 1989-2010 - 4. Group b) settlements for the agricultural purposes were 14 types and subtypes of the human settlements. Dynamics of the changes in the types as follows: 1920 - 2, 1939 - 9, 1959 - 6, 1989 and 2010. - None. Under c) settlements of the non agricultural, there were 29 types and subtypes of the rural settlements, including: 1) settlements and the construction for the industrial use – 11; 2) settlements timber industry – 11; 3) local settlements (artisanal) industry - 7. In the census of 1920 recorded in this subgroup 5 types of rural settlements, in 1939 - 15, 1959 - 17, 1989 - 4, which by 2010 had ceased to exist. The group d) settlements transport purpose and its infrastructure is included in the total of 24 types and subtypes of the rural settlements, for example, station, port, wharf. Of these, only five have served as objects of the 2010 census. Another group e) includes subgroups other types of the rural settlements.

Selection in a separate subgroup of the rural settlements points and stations due to the fact that in the 1939 census they are treated as separate types of the settlements. However, it should be noted that the word "point" is ambiguous. Under the paragraph of V. I. Dahl understands them "a place exactly signified (the assembly point for troops)"2. In the "Dictionary of Russian language" S. I. Ozhegova point - this place is designed for something different and something 3. It is easy to see that the word "point" at the V. I. Dahl can be seen in the narrow, while S. I. Ozhegova - in the broadest sense. With regard to the semantic meaning of the word "land", under it is the piece of land area occupied by anything or intended for anything (forest area).

In this case, we will uphold the view V. I. Dahl essence of the word "point", given its fairly widespread use in the census in 1939 - 20 subtypes (for comparison plot - 6 subtypes). Typically, this word means a place associated usually with a temporary stay of the population and the implementation of its various types of the professional activities. Note the rather interesting subtype of the village this subgroup - subparagraph that is present only in the 1939 census. On his appointment can express different assumptions as reference material information about it is practically absent.

In a subgroup of the social settlements in the survey fell 14 types and subtypes of the rural settlements. In the census of 1920 marked one location, the greatest number of them recorded in the 1939 census - 9, 1959 - 4, 2010 - one.

Materials censuses allow us to distinguish as a separate subgroup of the rural settlements in the Housing type. It's pretty tightly correlated with subgroups "points and plots". However, a significant difference between the two is that in the first case we are talking about housing as a condition of the life of its inhabitants, the second – is on the location of the dwelling. 22 type and subtype were the objects censuses. Currently, the main types of dwellings – are house tent - retained their traditional names.

Allocation as a separate subgroup settlements of the barrack-type due to the fact that it does not appear as a separate object of the study. Its name emphasizes the specific nature of these settlements. It’s very accurately expressed the writer V. S. Pikul in his novel "From the impasse": "Freedom ends where human being relocated to the barracks" [4, p.100]. This statement can be fully attributed to the type locality as barracks, which was the subject of the statistical observation in all censuses. By 2010, there was one type - this railway barracks, which now serves more as a historical relic of the former Soviet society than residence in population.

Last subgroups of the rural settlements formed of 12 types of the settlements, of which there are currently only only one - the island. All the others lost their status of the settlements (places). These include religious settlements (monastery, deserts, and skit) and service use (village council, etc.).

In the classification of the rural settlements for the period between the censuses of 1920 and 2010 in the Arkhangelsk region underwent major change. Of the 151 types and subtypes of the settlements currently has seven major types of the communities: 1) in the first group of urban settlements - city, town, urban, and 2) in the second group - the village, town, village, hamlet, railway settlement. The dynamics of population change on the main types of the settlements in the Arkhangelsk region is characterized by the following parameters (Table 1).

Table1

The population dynamics of the Arkhangelsk region according the main types of the population

Types of settlements	According of the census of the population
	The number of population in the surveyed settlements				In the percentage to 1939
	1939 г.	1959 г.	1989 г.	2010 г.	1939 г.	1959 г.	1989 г.	2010 г.

Urban settlements

Cities4	388625	511572	955381*	823443	100,0	131,6	245,8	211,9
Settlements of the urban type(work settle-ments)5	44530	156615	196760	104241	100,0	351,7	441,9	234,1
Rural settlements6
Villages	514048	341999	176812	116347	100,0	66,5	34,4	22,6
Pochinki	39130	49918	71940	55507	100,0	127,6	183,8	141,8
Settlements	5587	314	-	-	100,0	5,6	-	-
Bowery	3448	1047	70	46	100,0	30,4	2,0	1,3
Villages of all types	70561	159378	160754	123268	100,0	225,9	227,8	174,7
railway	15507	7890	6097	2913	100,0	50,9	39,3	18,8
Other types	27866	1639	183	598	100,0	5,9	0,7	2,1
Pochinki	1901	124	-	-	100,0	6,5	-	-
Subvillages	6881	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Lands (forest)	3228	5878	-	-	100,0	182,1	-	-
Baracks	2183	262	24	23	100,0	12,0	1,1	1,1
*without city Mirniy

Referring to the analysis of the data obtained for each subgroup surveyed rural settlements in the district section.

Village . In 2010, they lived 116772 inhabitants or 22.7% from the level in 1939 (5,140,348 people). Lower than the average index of the situation observed in the villages Leshukon (12.2%), Konoshsky (13.3%), Nyandoma (14.4%), Lensky (15.0%), Nenets Autonomous District (16.5%), Vilegodsky (18.3%), Kotlassky (20.8%) districts indicators of the decline exceeded the average regional villagers. Consistent with the regional level of the performance and Vigogradovskogo Mezenskogo areas. In Pinezhsky and Primorsky regions population in 2010 was, respectively, 57.3% and 56.6% from the level in 1939, slightly less than half in Velsky (49.3%) and Kholmogorsky areas (49.2%). In other areas of the analyzed index fluctuated between 26,0-30,0% (Onega,

Kargopolsky, Krasnoborsky areas) to 33,4-37,9% in Ustyansky, Verkhnetoemsky and Shenkursk areas.

Village. Population dynamics of the population who is living in the rural settlements in this group was positive in the period between the censuses of 1939 and 1989 - from 39,130 to 71,940 people, or 1.8 times. In Kargopolsky, Konoshsky, Nyandomskiy areas this type of the rural population type absent since 1939. By 2010, they were joined by two districts - and Vinogradovsky Kotlassky. Census 2010 recorded a decrease in the number of the villagers, compared with 1989, 16433 people. This negative trend is observed for all the rural areas, especially Primorsky, Mezenskogo, Lensky, Leshukonskiy, Belsky, and Kholmogorsky.

Settlements. As a type of the rural settlements are regarded as settlements Novosyolki, separated and occupied wasteland or Zapolie. In this V. I. Dahl clarifies that we are talking about someone eviction, relocation, withdrawal or transfer from one place of the residence to another ⁷. Clarification is quite remarkable, especially for the Soviet state 30 years of the twentieth century, when the removal and resettlement of the citizens was normative rule in the country in which to breathe so freely Soviet man. In the Arkhangelsk region in 1939, there were 149 settlements, inhabited by 5587 people. This type of the settlement was submitted to the Nenets Autonomous District and 11 rural areas. In Ustyansky area were 84 or 56.4% of settlements with a population of 3332 people or 62 % of the total. Minimum number of the inhabitants was four people in one of the settlement, the maximum - 524. In 1959, the five districts of the region left 100 people living in 14 settlements.

Pochinki . The dictionary of V. I. Dal fixes treated as initiative, beginning. In this case the meaning of the word is quite broad: the beginning of a new tab or land in the forest, and with him, and occupancy. At the same time synonymous with "pochinki" are the words "settlement" novoselok⁸. This type of the rural settlement was in 1939 in two areas of the Arkhangelsk region: Cherevkovsky - 63 fix with a population of 1901 people, Ustyansky - 2 fix with 419 residents. By the 1959 census fixes exist in two areas - Ustyansky (2 n / -41 people). Krasnoborsky and (2 n / a - 83 pers.). Cherevkovsky area at this time was disbanded, and part of its territory ceded to the two above-mentioned areas. In census years 1989-2010, this type of the rural settlement does not occur.

Farms . Under a farm is a separate plot of land to the estate owner. In Ukraine, the Don and Kuban – is a small peasant village⁹. According to the census in 1939 in the Arkhangelsk region, there were 260 farms with a total of 3448 people. This type of population in the rural item is found in all regions, except Karpogorskogo, Lensky Leshukon, Mezenskogo, Pinezhskiy and Nenets Autonomous District (1 farm with eight residents). There are several groups in the rural areas, taking into account the number located in these farms and their inhabitants. The first group included four districts with a population of the farms of 201 to 700 people. It distinguishes Ustyansky and Belsky areas respectively had 43 farms with 646 people and 33 farms with 473 residents. The second group consisted of seven districts with a population of farms from 101 to 200 people. In the third group were nine areas in which farmsteads were up to 100 people. On average, rural areas on one farm residents accounted for 12.8: Minimum number - 9. Maximum – 88 people. In subsequent decades, the number of the farms declined inhabitants: 1959 - 1047 people, 1989 - 70., 2010 - 46 people. To the level of 1939, the ratio was 30.4 %, 2.0 % and 1.3%.

Villages. According to the 1959 census, the population of the settlements increased to 159, 378 people, or 2.2 times compared with 1939. It has not changed in 1989, as an increase of 1376 people. Between the censuses of 1989 and 2010, the population of the settlements decreased from 160,754 people up to 123,268 people or 23.3%. The situation could be even worse if some townships are not transferred to the status of the rural settlements. In terms of the regions observed several trends, both positive and negative nature. The first positive trend reflects the growth of the villagers in the 1939-1959 years. However, in the period between the censuses of 1959 and 1989 it has been preserved only in the Nenets Autonomous District, Vinogradovskiy, Konoshsky, Onega, and Plesetsk Pinezhsky areas. In the transition to a market economy in 2010 census recorded a negative trend of the population decline in the NAO and towns in all rural areas, excluding Primorsky region.

Rail locations . Throughout the study period the population in this group of the rural settlements steadily waned: with 15507 people in 1939 to 2913 people in 2010. New railway items appeared in the 1939-1989 years in Vilegodsk and Ustyansky, Kholmogorsky areas. Population growth observed in 1959-1989 years in Ustyansky and Onega areas. In the next two decades, a tendency to reduce residents in the railway settlements typical for all ten rural areas where they are located.

Other types of the rural settlements . The greatest number of the rural settlements in this group there were in 1939 - 800, of which 379 or 51.9 % were Nenets Autonomous Okrug. On the territory of the rural housed respectively 350 or 47.3% of the total. In the former area was 91 Cherevkovskogo village (11.4%), in four areas - from 21 to 30 settlements (Varna - 27, and former Verkhnetoemsky Emetsk - 24, Plesetsk - 22). In eight areas of their number ranged from 11 to 20, in other - less than 10. In this group of the settlements lived, according to the 1939 census, 20,985 people, of which the Nenets Autonomous District - 8835 people (42.1%) in the rural areas - 11,911 people (56.8 %). In the group of the districts "leading" position occupied former Cherevkovsky (18.8%) and Ustyansky District (8.7%) of the total population. The records census years 1959-2010, in this group occurred most intense process of the transformation of the rural settlements and outflows of them. By 2010, left in the region of 2.2% of the rural settlements of the total in 1939, while the population amounted to 2.8%.

Referring to the analysis of quite specific group of the rural settlements, to which we referred subparagraphs, land, huts and barracks. We are talking about the types of the settlements characteristic of barrack socialism, which were objects census years 1939-1959. Its share in the rural population of the region is expressed by the following data: 1939 -12 292 people or 1.8% of the total population, 1959 - 6140 people (1.1%), 1989 - 2010 - 0,005-0,007%.

Subparagraphs as the type of the Community type operated in the Arkhangelsk region between censuses in 1939 and 1959. Those, according to the 1939 census, there were 70 in which lived 6881 people or 1% of the total rural population of the region. Regional index exceeded the Plesetsk (6.2%), Pinezhsky (4.6%), Konoshsky (3.5%), Kargopolsky (3.3%), Emetsk, Karpogorskom and Nyandomskiy (2% each) areas. Minimum number of people living in one paragraph was 5 people in the Primorsky region, maximum - 441 people in Karpogorskom area.

Population settlements of barrack - type was not numerous. Its share in the total population of the region was in 1939 - 0.2% (2183 people), in 1959 - 0.05% (262 pers.). In 1989 and 2010 in this subgroup of the rural population lived on 24 points and 23 residents. Cantonment type of the settlements in 1939 took place in eight areas, especially in Shenkursk (632 pers.), Barracks - three (Konoshsky, Nyandomskiy and Plesetsk). In the 1959 census as a barracks type of the settlement absent barracks settlements were recorded in five districts and in 1989 and 2010 - in Ustyansky area.

"Policeman" type of the rural settlements was extended in 1939 in the Nenets Autonomous District and seven districts of Arkhangelsk Oblast , in 1959 - in five districts. In 1939 they lived 3228 people or 0.5 % of the total rural population. In Priozerny district, the figure was 1,057 people

(3.5%), Vinogradovskiy - 689 persons (2.6%), Plesetsk - 775 people (2.4%). According to the 1959 census, in the settlements of this type lived 5878 people or 1% of the total rural population. In Verkhnetoemsky district, the figure is 10%, -2.8 % Velsky, Vilegodsk - 2.4%. In the census of 1989 and 2010 sites do not occur as an object of the statistical observation.

Generalize our findings from censuses years 1939-2010 presented in Table 1. On a positive note the trend of population growth in 1989, compared with 1939, in the cities - in 2,4 times, townships - 4.4 times, settlements of all types - 2.3 times, sat down - in 1.8. However, during this period remained almost without inhabitants, such types of the land settlements, items, settlements, farms, barracks, plague and camps, social infrastructure. Rural population in the villages decreased almost two-thirds. If we take the time interval between the censuses of 1989 and 2010, there is a clear negative trend of reducing urban and rural population in all major types of the settlements. In cities, this reduction was 13.8% in the rural areas - 22.8%, in the villages - 34.2%, in the settlements of all types - 23.3%, in the townships - 47.0%, in railway settlements - 52.2%.

Analysis of the results of the population censuses allow us to express discreetly assumption that transformational changes in the structure of the territorial settlement for the individual groups and types of the rural settlements in the region contributed reduction in the rural population and had a significant impact on the migratory behavior of the rural settlements.

Of no less interest is the examination of the dynamics of the rural population in the context of the administrative-territorial entities in the region - the Nenets Autonomous District and rural areas. Temporal boundaries study covers the period between the censuses of 1926-2010 years. Using census in 1926 was made possible due to the recalculation of its results, the implementation of the regional management within the boundaries of the national economic accounting administrative territorial division of the Arkhangelsk region on January 1, 1939. As shown in Table 2 below are not included statistics Lalsk, Oparinskaya Podosinovets areas and transmitted in the early 1940s, part of the Kirov region.

The general trend in the dynamics of the changes in the rural population in the Arkhangelsk region during the study period remains negative. In 1939 it amounted to 90.9% from the level in 1926, in 1959 - 75.9%, in 1989 - 56.2%, in 2010 - 40.1%. In general, the rural population in the region decreased by 2.5 times in rural areas - in 2 times. In the Nenets Autonomous District in relation to the maximum number of the rural residents in 1939 was the reduction in 2010 of 59.5%, whereas the level observed in 1926 to grow by 17, 2%.

Table 2

The dynamics changes in the number of the rural population of the Arkhangelsk region in

(1926-2010)10

Based on census data (within the administrative boundaries in the year of Census but the 1959 census)

	1926	1939	1959	1989 г	2010	2010 to max	to 1926
Region*	744363	676843	564894	418120	298653	40,1	40,1
NAO	11564	33496	20061	19576	13551	40,5	117,2
THE SUM OF THE REGIONS	710196	634851	540777	386641	276299	38,9	38,9
Velskiy	33634	33114	46486	31303	24961	53,7	74,2
Verhnetoemskiy	32492	26886	33685	24850	17060	50,6	52,5
Vilegodskiy	29954	27207	23002	16729	11158	37,3	37,3
Vinogradovskiy	31494	25977	24306	14935	10735	34,1	34,1
Kargopolskiy	22100	29741	24306	12428	8252	27,7	37,3
Konoshskiy	22929	30934	16184	14531	13674	44,2	59,6
Kotlasskiy	54645	31711	24929	13941	11932	21,8	21,8
Krasnoborskiy	29135	23909	30329	20506	13815	45,6	47,4
Lenskiy	17168	19376	28267	15591	8785	31,1	51,2
Leshykonskiy	15975	16419	16791	15788	7979	47,5	49,9
Mezenskiy	15309	13781	9318	7948	4173	27,3	27,3
Nyandomskiy	23947	30128	17304	12465	7888	26,2	32,9
Onejskiy	29527	18962	13152	14522	11131	37,7	37,7
Pinejskiy	25290	17573	28718	36137	26978	74,7	106,7
Plesezkiy	17268	32178	24923	33611	15622	46,5	90,5
Primorskiy	18183	24250	45517	26007	26327	57,8	144,8
Ustiyanskiy	42143	35015	42447	25655	21274	50,1	50,5
Holmogorskiy	30309	30152	47196	32959	25061	53,1	82,7
Shenkurskiy	32681	19064	25654	15305	9494	29,1	29,1

* Based on census data (within the administrative boundaries in the year of Census but the 1959 census);

** in 1926-1939. – Beresnikovskiy region;

In the context of the rural areas the situation is ambiguous. For its analysis, we calculated two measures: the first – is the ratio of the rural population by the 2010 census in the district (NAO) to the population census in 1926, the second – is the ratio of the rural population by the 2010 census in the district (NAO) to the maximum number of the rural population (data in the table in bold). The calculation results are summarized in Table 3.

We draw attention to one very important point in the analysis of the statistical data presented in the table. When converted to the 1926 census results in the administrative boundaries Rural January 1, 1939 in six of them (Vilegodsk, Vinogradovskiy, Kotlassky, Mezensky, Onega and

Shenkursk) was the maximum size of the rural population. According to the 1939 census, the maximum number of the rural residents was achieved in three areas (Kargopolsky, Konoshsky and Nyandomskiy). In 1959, the number of the districts with index ”max-population” was Belsky, Verkhnetoemsky, Krasnoborsky, Leshukonsky, Maritime, and Ustyansky, Kholmogorsky areas. Of these, six districts, except Leshukon, rural population growth due to the increase of their territories, due to restructuring of the administrative-territorial units (districts). Note that Shenkursky district was transferred to the several rural councils, however, the growth of the rural population was insignificant and the "threshold" of the maximum level in 1926 was not surpassed. A similar situation was observed in Pinezhsky area, compiled of the former Kargoporsky area. By combining population exceeded the levels in 1926 and 1939. Indicator "max-population" made in the areas Pinezhsky and Plesetsk in 1989.

The first group included areas where indicators were lower of the middle level - 38.9%. It includes areas: Kotlassky (21.8%), Nyandomskiy (26.2%), Mezensky (27.3%), Kargopolsky (27.7%), Shenkursky (29.1%), Lensky (31.1 %), Vinogradovsky (34.1%), Vilegodsk (37.3%), Onega (37.7%). In this group, in the period 1926-2010's happening most intensive reduction of the rural population.

A second group of the areas where the rural population amounted to 2010 from 44.2% to 60.0% of its maximum level. Among them: Konoshsky (44.2%), Krasnoborsky (45.6%), Plesetsk (46.5%), Leshukonsky (47.5%), Ustyansky (50.1%), Verkhnetoemsky (50.6%), Kholmogorsky (53.1%), Belsky (53.7%), Seaside (57.8%).

The sole representative of the third group became Pinezhsky District. In it to 2010 population, compared with the maximum level to 1989, decreased by 25.3% and exceeded the level of 1926 by 6.7%.

Referring to the issue of the rural population changes in the Arkhangelsk region in the periods between censuses. We have identified four of: 1939 and 1926, 1959 and 1939, 1989 and 1959, 2010 and 1989 statistics are summarized in Table 3.

Pay attention to the place which had a negative trend decrease of the rural population in the whole region and its rural areas. In this case it is particularly evident in the period between censuses in 1959-1989 years and 1989-2010 years. Note also that in the transition to a market economy the number of the rural residents declined faster than in 1939-1959, respectively.

Population decline for the entire period occurred in Vilegodsk, Kotlassky and Mezensky districts. In the years 1926-1939 the rural population growth took place in seven districts (Kargopolsky, Konoshsky, Lena, Leshukonsky, Nyandomskiy, Plesetsk, and Primorye) areas. In the period 1939-1959 years, this positive trend was observed in ten districts (Velsky, Verkhnetoemsky,

Krasnoborsky, Lena, Leshukonsky, Pinezhsky, Primorye, Ustyansky, Kholmogorsky, and Shenkursk). In the years 1959-1989 the growth of the rural population for the fixed-only Onega, Pinezhsky and Primorsky regions in 1989-2010 years - only in the Primorsky region.

The comparison of the rural population of the Arkhangelsk region in the period between the censuses of 1926-2010

Table 3

Based on census data (within the administrative boundaries in the year of Census but the 1959 census)
	The comparison
	1939 г. и 1926 г.	1959 г. и 1939 г.	1989 г. и 1959г.	2010 г. и 1989 г.
Region*	-67520	-111949	-146774	-119467
NAO	21932	-13435	-485	-6025
THE SUM OF THE REGIONS	-75345	-94074	-154136	-110342
Velskiy	-520	13372	-15183	-6342
Verhnetoemskiy	-5606	6799	-8835	-7790
Vilegodskiy	-2747	-4205	-6273	-5571
Vinogradovskiy	-5517	-1671	-9371	-4200
Kargopolskiy	7641	-5435	-11878	-4176
Konoshskiy	8005	-14750	-1653	-857
Kotlasskiy	-22934	-6782	-10988	-2009
Krasnoborskiy	-5226	6420	-9823	-6691
Lenskiy	2208	8891	-12676	-6806
Leshykonskiy	444	372	-1003	-7809
Mezenskiy	-1528	-4463	-1370	-3775
Nyandomskiy	6181	-12824	-4839	-4577
Onejskiy	-10565	-5810	1370	-3391
Pinejskiy	-7717	11145	7419	-9159
Plesezkiy	14910	-7255	8688	-17989
Primorskiy	6067	21267	-19510	320
Ustiyanskiy	-7128	7432	-16792	-4381
Holmogorskiy	-157	17044	-14237	-7898
Shenkurskiy	-13617	6590	-10349	-5811

* including rural settlements subordinate administrative authorities of cities and urban settlements

Presented in Table 3 data allow to identify for each area the interval between censuses, which was the largest decline in its population (max-rate decrease). In Kotlassky, Onega and Shenkursk areas max-rate decline was highest in the 1926-1939 years. In Mezensky, Konoshsky Nyandomskiy areas and he was typical of the period of 1939-1959 years. The biggest "loss" in the rural population occurred in the years 1959-1989 in twelve rural areas. This group included Belsky, Verkhnetoemsky, Vilegodsk, Vinogradovsky, Kargopolsky, Krasnoborsky Lenski, Maritime, and Ustyansky Kholmogorsky areas. The last time interval (1989-2010 years) with a maximum decrease in the rural population reached Leshukonsky, Pinezhsky and Plesetsk areas.

To summarize. As a result of the restructuring of the network of the rural settlements in the Arkhangelsk region of 151 types and subtypes of the urban and rural settlements that existed in the 20-30s of last century, left seven major types: city, urban-type settlement, village, town, village, hamlet , railway settlements of. Consequences of the transition from the variety of elements in the territorial structure of the settlement of this northern region to its unification, expressed not only in the reduction of rural settlements of all types and subtypes, but also to profound changes in the rural population. As our analysis shows, these changes were a significant part of rural people who due to circumstances had to solve the problem of the choice of their future life prospects.