Typology of planning structure and composition of Orthodox church complexes in Saint Petersburg

The article discusses the typology of the planning structure and composition of Orthodox church complexes, with a focus on their integration into the urban environment and landscape. It explores the classification of church complexes based on the nature of their planning composition (regular, landscape, and mixed), type of spatial openness (open, closed, semi-open), and their position relative to urban development (within and outside the development). Special attention is given to the influence of architectural and natural factors on the perception of sacred objects, as well as the harmony between spiritual and public spaces. The article aims to develop approaches to the design and restoration of churches, taking into account contemporary urban planning and ecological situations, as well as methods for adapting them to changes in the urban environment.