"Prison notebooks" by Antonio Gramsci: genesis, concepts of historicism and history

This paper reveals the problems of the history of the creation of the main work of the world-famous Italian Communist thinker and revolutionary Antonio Gramsci “Prison notebooks”. The author of the study considers not only the genesis of the work, but also considers the category of historicism and the concept of history, which permeate all the works of Gramsci, with the mature concept being expressed in the “Prison notebooks” written by Gramsci during the years of tragic imprisonment in a fascist prison. The paper reveals the concepts of philosophy of practice, absolute historicism, Gramsci's attitude to Marxism, idealism of B. Croce, the essence of the identity of history and philosophy of Gramsci is also explained. The problem of the phenomenon of revolution is considered by the author in comparison to the concept of revolution in Gramsci's early articles in the newspaper “Ordine Nuovo”. The author attempts to assess the contribution of the Italian philosopher to historical science.