Trade connections of Volga Bulgaria with Northern and Western Europe during Pre-Mongolian period (IX-XIII centuries)

The inclusion of Volga Bulgaria into the system of international water and land trade ways of Eurasia determined it's great role during early Middle Ages. Having adopted the function of trade mediator from Khazar Khanate, Volga Bulgaria could take a monopolistic position in the trade between East and West, Europe and Asia in the X century. The trade with Northern and Western Europe was very important in this aspect, what was proved by the objects of export and import - swords, jewelry, Cufic, Bulgar and Western European coins, metallic plate and other things. At the same time prices for commodities, which were formed on markets, the necessity of eastern silver in European countries, the volume of trade by means of Cufic coins were essential.