Trade Wars of 2025: Economic and Political Implications for the Global System

The article analyzes the new trade wars of 2025, which have become the most important factor in the destabilization of the modern global economic and political system. Particular attention is paid to qualitative changes in the nature of trade conflicts, the transition from traditional protectionist measures to strategic restrictions related to issues of national security and technological leadership. The study examines both the economic consequences of trade wars (reduction in global trade, reconfiguration of supply chains, decline in foreign direct investment flows) and political ones (the crisis of the World Trade Organization, deepening USChinese rivalry, the EU’s desire for strategic autonomy). The study revealed a vicious circle of interaction between economic and political factors, increasing global fragmentation and uncertainty in world trade. As a result of the study, a conclusion was made about the transition of the world economy to a confrontational model of international relations.