Commodity exchanges of the Central Chernozem region during the NEP years

In 1921, Soviet Russia returned to market methods of regulating the economy, proclaiming a new economic policy. The revival of commodity-money relations has actualized the need for the formation of a market infrastructure that facilitates the conclusion of transactions between sellers and buyers of raw materials, currency, and securities. Such intermediaries again became commodity exchanges, but in new conditions, they have become an original phenomenon, significantly different from both pre-revolutionary exchanges and modern exchange institutions. Their activities reflected all the complex and ambiguous processes of state economic policy during the NEP years.