Traditional nutrition system of the upper Vychegda Komi in the first half of the XX century

The characteristics of the traditional nutrition sys- tem of the Upper Vychegda Komi, reflecting the features of subethnic and religious character, is given based on the analysis of the field material.The chronological framework of the study covers the first half of the XX century as a time of sus- tained preservation of food traditions, despite all political and socio-economic changes in the coun- try.The ecological environment and economic activity of the Upper Vychegda Komi predetermined the addition of an optimal diet with the inclusion of agricultural products, livestock, fisheries and gathering. The basis of food consisted of dishes from grain crops, meat and dairy products did not often appear on the table, which is associated with the practice of observance of Christian fasts. Vari- ety of food was achieved through the inclusion of vegetables and wild plants which at the same time were sources of vitamin complex. For residents of the Upper Vychegda Komi, as, indeed, for all Komi (Zyryans), hot food was typical, which was provided by the presence of the Russian stove, where in the morning they cooked food, which was kept there until the evening. The grain-meat-milk model of nutrition with the inclusion of fishing- hunting products of the Upper Vychegda Komi practically differed little from the nutrition model of other ethnographic groups of the Komi (Zy- ryans). Although there is variability in the meth- ods of preparation of fishing-hunting products, reflecting the local tradition, which can be seen in the preservation of archaic ways of cooking game without heat treatment and cooking it whole, keep- ing clawed feet and head, as well as in different ways of preserving and cooking fish. This feature is predetermined by the preservation of a signifi- cant proportion of fishing-hunting activities in the structure of the economy in the remote territory of residence, and also reflects the mixed composi- tion of this group, which is characterized by the integration of nutrition culture of different eth- nographic groups with the leveling of intergroup differences. The spread of the old believer culture among the population of this group as a result of the entry of the alien component into its composi-tion did not affect the nutrition model, but only introduced corrections to the system of food pro- hibitions.