Traditional and modern forms of the Cossack culture in the late 20th - early 21st centuries. Revival, transformation, and cultural construction

Introduction . The paper deals with studying the formation of culture elements during the Cossacks revival process in the late 20th - early 21st centuries. The cultural pattern of a community is always changing. Cultural practices and traditions of the past get integrated into the modern social conditions, while new values and rituals assume the character of traditional ones. The topicality of the subject derives from the fact that the Cossack culture was subject to a dramatic transformation in the 20th century, while many elements of the culture were wiped out. The transmission of the cultural tradition was interrupted. The Cossacks revival in the late 20th century supposed a return to traditional historical forms. However, this task proved difficult because of the break in the transmission of the ethnic culture. The formation of the present-day Cossack cultural system supposed the selection of some elements of culture from the past and their integration into the new conditions as well as the creation of new forms of culture that would contribute to the cultural identification of the Cossacks. Methods and materials. Historiography has predominantly described the traditional forms of the Cossack culture. The issues of cultural construction were touched upon only occasionally. This paper applies the historical and chronological, historical- genetic methods as well as the conception of socio-cultural construction. Analysis. During the Cossacks revival process its participants demonstrated a sharp increase of interest in the traditional forms of culture. The attempts at their integration into the present-day conditions led to the deformation of cultural forms. They lost their authenticity and transformed themselves into secondary forms of culture, thus cultural patterns of the modern Cossacks got changed. At the same time, new cultural traditions and norms were “invented”. Their function was to fix Cossacks identity and to show that the Cossacks do exist in the social life of the country. The adaptation of the traditions and historical elements of the Cossack socio-cultural system had its peculiarities. The traditions and elements were taken from different epochs and formed an arbitrary composition of different cultural phenomena. Traditions played an important role in the Cossacks revival process because they acted as cultural identification markers for the Cossack community. For that reason even new cultural practices were given the appearance of traditions. Results. In the late 20th - early 21st centuries the restoration of the Cossack culture was actually its construction. A number of trends can be traced in the process. They developed concurrently and contributed to the creation of newcultural milieu.