Transformation of state-confessional relations in Uzbekistan from independence to the reforms of the 2020s: a brief overview

The article examines the evolution of state-religion relations in Uzbekistan since its independence in 1991, focusing on three distinct phases: post-Soviet liberalization, increased state control during the 1990s, and the reform-oriented liberalization under President Shavkat Mirziyoyev since 2016. It highlights the dual role of Islam as both a key element of national identity and a potential source of sociopolitical challenges, such as radicalization. The study analyzes legislative frameworks, institutional mechanisms, and the activities of the Committee on Religious Affairs, emphasizing the balance between ensuring religious freedom and maintaining state control over religious expressions. Particular attention is payed to Uzbekistan’s strategies for combating extremism, fostering interreligious harmony, and preserving its rich Islamic heritage. The analysis underscores the importance of heritage sites and traditional religious education in promoting a moderated and localized form of Islam aligned with state objectives. The article argues that Uzbekistan's experience provides a unique case study of a secular state navigating the complex interplay of religion, national identity, and security in a post-Soviet context. By combining historical and contemporary perspectives, this study sheds light on the challenges and prospects of reconciling state priorities with the religious and cultural aspirations of society. It contributes to broader discussions on state-confessional relations in Central Asia, offering insights into how Uzbekistan's approach reflects both its specific historical context and broader global trends in religion-state interaction.