Transformation of fuel and energy balances of the developed world against the backdrop of modern challenges and threats

This article deals with transformation of fuel and energy balances of the USA, Europe, the Gulf countries, China and Russia against the background of modern challenges and threats, in particular epidemiological and geopolitical changes. A systematic and comparative analysis was chosen as the main approach to the study of this problem; different approaches to the development of the countries' fuel and energy complexes in each direction, including the oil and gas sector, renewable energy sources, nuclear power, etc., were considered. The article proves that the development of fuel and energy complex and fuel and energy balances of the countries is directly dependent on the level of economic development, as well as the revenues of oil and gas companies, distribution flows and strategic vectors at the state level, which leads to additional risks in case of transformation. If a government decides to develop one promising technology and the goal is achieved, the producing company becomes the world leader in developing that technology internationally. A relevant trend in the leading countries in renewable energy sources development is identified. The materials of the article are of practical value for the public sector implementing the process of strategic planning and coordination.