Transformation of foreign trade relations of the Bryansk region of Russia: features of the vector of the near neighborhood

The article is devoted to the analysis of an important direction of the functioning of the economy of the border region at the present stage, namely, the transformation of foreign trade activity on the example of the model Bryansk region of the Center of Russia. The main scientific approaches were systemic, territorial, and problematic. The trends of development, characteristic features of trade turnover, export and import of the subject are highlighted. The study of international cooperation with the geopolitical neighboring countries (the Republic of Belarus and Ukraine), with which relations are long and dynamic, is emphasized. Periodization is carried out, the features of processes and structure, the leading problems of the implementation of this direction of geo-economic relations of the region at different stages of interaction are revealed. For the first (1992-1999), the formation of a new paradigm of relations, the negative balance of foreign trade turnover, the leadership of Ukraine, the deepening of ties with Belarus, and the largely inherited structure of exports and imports are typical. At the second stage (2000-2013), relations are being modernized on the basis of international law and interstate treaties, there is the growth of foreign trade turnover, of the negative balance, the change in commodity positions, the transition of dominance from Ukraine to Belarus. The third stage (2014-2021) is characterized by the restructuring of relations between Russia and its subjects with other countries, the region's ties with Belarus while maintaining its leadership, disintegration with Ukraine, the dynamism of the trade turnover and its negative balance, the composition of exports and imports. The fourth stage (from 2022) began with a sharp aggravation of geopolitical and economic risks as factors of transformation of the socio-economic development of the country and its subjects, the structure of their foreign trade relations. Among the important tasks of adapting the Bryansk region to new conditions in the world commodity markets are the modification of logistics, rationalization of the structure and geographical directions of interaction, restructuring of relations in the geo-economic vector of the near neighborhood.