Transformation processes in agricultural farming of the Kyrgyz in the second half of the 19th - early 20th centuries

The paper is based on pre-revolutionary Russian language sources, where the transformation processes in agriculture during the colonial period of Kyrgyzstan have been analyzed; by using the materials about the Fergana and Semirechye regions it has been noted in the paper the changes in the agricultural economy occurred in connection with the resettlement of Russian peasants. New types of crops began to penetrate into the Kyrgyz agricultural economy, such as cotton, rice, potatoes, melon, watermelon, flax, tobacco and may others. With the help of settlers, the Kyrgyz began to develop various types of winter and spring wheat, buckwheat, melons and garden plants. In the south of modern Kyrgyzstan, the development of cotton and corn growing, vegetable gardening began, and the area of gardens and vineyards expanded. In conclusion, the author summarizes that transformation processes influenced not only the expansion of cultivated areas, but also the gradual transition of nomadic and semi-nomadic households to a sedentary lifestyle.