Cross-border grain trading: current status and prospects of the Black Sea grain initiative between Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the UN

In modern conditions of international grain trading, the strategic role of Russia, Ukraine, Turkey and the UN becomes especially important. These countries and organizations have a significant influence on global food markets, which is particularly relevant against the backdrop of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine. This confrontation increases food security problems, since both countries are considered major suppliers of agricultural products. Turkey and the UN play a key role in international efforts to resolve existing problems and stabilize trade turnover through mediation in resolving the conflict. The article provides a detailed analysis of the current state of the grain market, takes into account the contribution of these states to the international grain deal, and also examines potential prospects and scenarios that could affect food security in the world.