Transgression as a basis of culture

One of the most pressing problems of the last century is the problem of the decline of spiritual culture and, as a result, creating one of the crowd, the alienation of man from his essence, the desire to standardize all aspects of human life. To understand the causes of this phenomenon it is necessary to reveal the key mechanisms that underlie the spiritual culture. After all, the breakdown of these mechanisms leads to degradation of culture and man. This article is devoted to the consideration of the foundations of culture. The authors define the main function of culture as the preservation and reproduction of human essence, which is the creative transformation of the world. In their opinion, the essence of any culture is transgression. According to G.Bataille, transgression is the transgression of cultural prohibitions designed to separate a person from his immersion in nature, from his animality. The authors of the article put additional meaning in this term. From their point of view, transgression is a process of removing existing contradictions in a person and in the world. Culture stops the direct biological inclinations of a person towards a single, in order to open for him the universal, to plunge him into the universal world contradictions with the aim of resolving them and transforming the world. In the process of transgression, the universal is discovered in its two forms: the abstract-universal and the concrete-universal. Full-fledged transgression leads to the actualization of a concrete-universal person in his activity. Violation of the transgression process leads to actualization in the human activity of only the abstract-universal, which causes both the decline of culture and the degradation of man and the world.