Transgressive variability of quantitative characters in second generation (wheat hybrids)

The article presents the results of a study of the degree and frequency of transgression in reciprocal hybrids of soft wheat of the second generation (F2). The studies were conducted in the 2020-2021 vegetation year on an experimental plot of the experimental base of the Research Institute of Crop Husbandry of Azerbaijan under irrigated conditions. During the research year, some yield indicators (length of the ear, number of spikelets, number of grains and weight of grains in the ear) of 9 local varieties (Mirbashir-128, Azeri, Gobustan, Fatima, Gyrmyzy gul-1, Murov-2, Askeran, Matin and Onur) of soft wheat and 32 combinations of second-generation hybrids were studied. The degree and frequency of transgression were determined. During the growing season, phenological observations were carried out in accordance with the methodology of scientific research in the field of breeding of grain-crop plants. In the second-generation hybrids (F2), transgressive variability in quantitative traits was calculated using the method of G. S. Voskresensky and V. I. Shpot. The results of the study showed that positive transgression was observed in the second-generation hybrid combinations (F2), which were characterized by high dominance and heterosis in the first generation (F1). In the combinations obtained with the participation of the Gobustan variety, high transgression and frequency were mainly noted in quantitative traits, regardless of whether it was taken as the maternal or paternal form, and negative transgression was mainly recorded when using the Fatima variety as the maternal one. In the reciprocal hybrids Onur × Azeri and Onur × Gyrmyzy gul-1, when the Onur variety was taken as the maternal form, and in the reciprocal hybrids Mirbashir-128 × Gyrmyzy gul-1, when the Mirbashir-128 variety was taken as the maternal form, a positive level of transgression was recorded for all studied traits.