Teachers of the Yenisei province parochial schools in the late 19th - early 20th century: a socio-cultural characteristic

At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, a network of primary educational institutions developed in the Yenisei Province, a third of which were parochial schools. Primary education in them was carried out by priests, deacons and deacons, but gradually the schools were filled with secular teachers. The purpose of the study is to present a sociocultural portrait of teachers of parish schools in the Yenisei Province at the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries, characterizing their number, class origin, gender and age composition, level of education and financial situation. The study is based on archival documents and published materials, which are reports on the state of parochial schools in the Yenisei Province for different years. A comparison of students in parochial schools and schools of the Ministry of Public Education made it possible to identify both common problems inherent in the entire mass of elementary school teachers in the post-reform period, and to identify features in the social, cultural and material situation of parochial school teachers. As a result of the study, it was possible to establish that parochial schools were slowly filled with secular teachers, lacking sufficient funding and not providing decent salaries to teachers. Another feature was the almost complete exclusion of male teachers from parochial schools, who were looking for a more decent income and did not go to teach in a parochial school. Bishop Nikon (Bessonov) paid great attention to the problems of material security for teachers of parochial elementary schools, which led to some improvement in the lives of rural teachers.