Carbon nanotubes in vegetable growing (review)

Relevance. This review examines the comprehensive application of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in vegetable growing. Various aspects of their use are highlighted, from improving seed germination and stimulating vegetative growth to protecting plants under adverse conditions. Results. A unique feature of these nanomaterials is their ability to intelligently transport active substances. They precisely deliver fertilizers and pesticides directly to the plant, releasing them at the right time. This approach allows for the creation of an ideal plant nutrition system, which significantly improves plant development, increases yield, and enhances product quality. Particular attention is given to the mechanisms by which CNTs influence plant cells, including direct interactions with biomolecules and indirect influences through the regulation of oxidative processes. Conclusion. The potential for using CNTs to improve water use efficiency in arid regions is highlighted. In the presence of excess salts, nanotubes demonstrate their protective properties: they accumulate in plant tissues and enhance the functioning of aquaporins. This promotes more efficient water absorption and transport, reducing the negative impact of salt stress on plants. The current challenges and potential development areas of this technology in vegetable growing are also discussed.