Criminal exile as a factor of negative influence on the mentality of the local population in the Russian empire of the 19-th century

The article is devoted to the influence of the reference on the criminogenic situation in the outlying marginal territories of the Russian Empire in the 19th century. The author uses both general scientific methods of research and special-criminological methods in the description of scientific material. The main idea is that there are two points of view on the place and meaning of exile in the history of the Russian state. Some researchers argue about the usefulness of this punishment, right up to its resumption in modern conditions. The second group notes the negativity of the exile and argues this for economic, social and other circumstances. The author shares the opinion that the exile affected not only the criminogenic situation in the outlying territories of the Russian Empire, but also for a long time, up to the present day, made a certain criminal contribution in the form of the convict subculture, which was adapted later by crime environment in the Soviet and post-Soviet years.