Risk management in business ecosystems during crises

Enterprises, organizations and consumers from various business ecosystems have faced crisis phenomena. The reason for these phenomena is the complete or partial suspension of the activities of international companies on the Russian market and sanctions pressure from foreign states. The purpose of this study is to expand the understanding of risk management in the activities of business ecosystems and enterprises that have joined them during crisis periods. We take into account the similarities and differences between the crisis phenomena associated with the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2, and the phenomena associated with breaks in transport and logistics chains and the refusal of a number of foreign banks to make payments for raw materials, components and finished products. The study was conducted using the methods of systemic economic theory and operational risk theory. We have identified periods of development of crisis phenomena in the economy. We also identified the stages of transformation of risk management systems for both individual enterprises, organizations and consumers included in the business ecosystem, and the business ecosystem as a whole. We have shown that in order to fix changes risk management systems in business ecosystems, the following stages: the risk management system before the crisis; the system of emergency response measures to crisis phenomena; the risk management system adapted to the detected crisis phenomena; the new, modernized risk management system should be described. A debatable issue and limitation of the applicability of the results of this study is the incompleteness of the processes of adaptation of business ecosystems, enterprises, organizations, consumers and, accordingly, risk management systems to existing crisis phenomena.