Ureteroscopic methods for treating patients with ureterolithiasis

Introduction. At present, urolithiasis is one of the complex and relevant medical and social problems. In the Russian Federation, urolithiasis accounts for about 40% of all urological diseases in the structure of the general urological morbidity. In almost half the cases, calculi are localized in the ureter, which is due to the anatomical features of this organ. The main methods for stone elimination during their localization in the ureters are: conservative method, including active observation, lithokinetic and chemolytic therapy, and minimally invasive methods (remote shock wave lithotripsy, endourological technique, retrograde and antegrade percutaneous ureterolithotripsy); open and laparoscopic ureterolithotomy. Purpose. Provide a review of the literature and scientific publications on the use of various types of energies for the destruction of calculi during ureteroscopy Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted in the Pubmed database for the keywords: urolithiasis, ureteroscopy, ureterolithotripsy, lasers in urology, holmium laser, pneumatic ureterolithotripsy, thulium fiber laser...