The level of red raspberry adaptability to the damaging factors of the winter period in the fields of central Russia

Winter hardiness of various raspberry cultivars was analyzed in the field conditions of Central Russia. The purpose of the research was to study the winter hardiness of red raspberry cultivars of different genetic origin in the fields of Central Russia and to reveal the promising cultivars for the further introduction. The place of observation was a collection plot of the laboratory of raspberry breeding and variety studies of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The plot was planted in spring 2015. The scheme of planting was 4.0 x 0.5 m. The observations were made in 2016-2018. Twenty-three raspberry cultivars of different genetic origin were studied. Severe damage to wood in winter periods 2016-2018 were observed in the cultivars: Zhuravlik, Meteor, Solnyshko, Beglianka, Bryansky Kaskad, Gusar and Kokinskaya - in the range of 1.8-2.0 points, at average degree of wood damage in the same cultivars for a number of years within 1.5-1.7 points. The minimal damage to buds in the fruiting shoots of raspberries was revealed in the cultivars from the Siberian region and Samara experimental station: Illuzia, Sokolyonok, Fantazia, Rannya Zarya and Samarskaya Plotnaya; the damage was within 0.7-1.2 points, at average bud damage for a number of years in the same cultivars within 0.6-1.0 point. The Ukrainian and Baltic cultivars had small damage to wood and fruiting buds for a number of years, which indicated relative resistance of plants of this group of cultivars to extreme conditions of the winter period, they have bud damage in the range of 0.6-1.2 point, at average degree of damage for a number of years within 0.7-1.0 point (Odarka, Marianushka, Espe, Ivars).