Metalloproteinases in squamous cell skin cancer and the possibility of their correction using photodynamic therapy

The purpose of the study. To conduct a study of changes in metalloprotei-nases in patients with squamous cell skin cancer and to assess the impact of photodynamic therapy on changes in these indicators. Materials and methods. The paper analyzes the course of the disease in 185 patients with squamous cell skin cancer who were on outpatient and inpatient treatment in medical institutions of Engels and Saratov in the period from 2015 to 2021. Of the total number of patients, there were 129 (69.7%) male representatives, and 56 (31.2%) female representatives. All patients who agreed to participate in the study were divided into three groups. The first group (group 1) consisted of 74 (40%) patients whose treatment was carried out by a combined method, which consisted of the following stages: photodynamic therapy, laser irradiation and extensive excision of the tumor using intravenous anesthesia. The second group (group 2) was formed from 111 (60%) people whose treatment consisted of excision of squamous cell skin cancer under intravenous anesthesia. To control and compare the obtained laboratory parameters, a third group was created, which consisted of relatively healthy volunteers without established oncological pathology (group 3). This group included 17 people who gave their voluntary consent to conduct the study. Results. Based on the conducted study, it was found that in the group of patients with squamous cell skin cancer in the initial stage of the disease, there was a statistically significant decrease in the metalloproteinase inhibitor index-1, which leads to an increase in all indicators of metalloproteinases-2, -7 and -9. The use of combination therapy before surgical treatment in patients with squamous cell skin cancer in the initial period of the disease with the use of photodynamic therapy, laser irradiation and excision of the tumor reduces the number of complications from 20.5 to 8.6% in the immediate postoperative period, which are associated with purulent-septic and thromboembolic complications and from 14.6 to 3.8% in the long-term, which associated with the progress of the underlying disease.