The yield and quality of soybean seeds depending on the methods of primary soil treatment

The researches on optimization of the methods of primary soil treatment under soybean in the Central Chernozem region of the Russian Federation were carried out in ARRI of Rapeseed on heavy loam leached chernozem in 2015-2017. In the field experiments, moldboard plowing, deep subsurface loosening, shallow subsurface and surface tillage effect on soybean seed yield and quality was studied. As a result, it was established that the highest soybean productivity was provided by plowing with soil overturning and deep subsurface loosening; the latter method of the primary soil treatment had a slight advantage. Surface and shallow subsurface tillage definitely reduced the productivity of this legume crop due to compuction of soil and increased weed infestation of crops. The studied methods primary soil treatment had a certain effect on the quality of the soybean seed yield. During minimization of primary treatment, there was a slight decrease in the protein content and an increase in the accumulation of fat in soybean seeds. Calculations showed that on average over the years of research, the largest yield of vegetable oil and fodder protein in soybean was provided by the deep subsurface loosening and moldboard plowing. According to these traits of soybean productivity, these methods significantly exceeded the minimum primary soil treatments (surface and shallow subsurface), which proved to be almost equivalent. Consequently, in the conditions of the Central Chernozem region with the primary soil treatment, the deep subsurface loosening or plowing with soil overturning ensures the highest soybean seed yields, fodder protein and vegetable oil yields.