Field and yield quality of soybeans of the different maturity groups at presowing application of mineral fertilizers in the central natural-climatic zone of the Krasnodar region

Yield and quality of soybean seeds depend largely on the weather conditions during a growing season and mineral nutrition. Biological features of the cultivars influenced nutrients consumption by plants. The purpose of the research is to determine impact of presowing fertilizer application in doses N30P30 and N30P30S21 under seeds inoculation on yield and yield quality of the cultivars of the different maturity groups bred in the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (Vita, Slaviya, Irbis, and Vilana beta) in the central natural-climatic zone of the Krasnodar region. In 2020-2022, on leached chernozem in field two-factor experiment, the presowing application of mineral fertilizers promoted the yield increase of the middle maturing cultivar Slaviya 0.17-0.21 t/ha and the middle-early maturing cultivar Vilana beta by 0.12 t/hа. The fertilizers did not effect reliably the yield increase of the early maturing cultivar Vita and the early maturing highly protein cultivar Irbis. A share of impact of the presowing fertilizers on seed yield was 1.8-14.1% depending on the year of the research and a share of the cultivar impact - 59.7-94.9%. The positive correlation between yield of the studied cultivars and precipitation amount during a period flowering - seed formation was revealed. The presowing application of fertilizers did not influenced significantly protein content and oil in soybean seeds. The protein content and oil in seeds depended on the cultivar and precipitation amount in a phase of seeds formation: under increasing of the precipitations oil raised and protein content lowered in the seeds of the very early maturing cultivar Vita, at the same conditions, on the contrary, protein content increased and oil decreased in the seeds of the early maturing cultivars Slaviya, Irbis, and the middle-early maturing cultivar Vilana beta.