Yield and seed quality of soybean cultivar developed in the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of the Western Siberia

Soybean is the most important leguminous crop around the world. The most important reserve for increasing the level and stability of soybean production in the country is usage of new productive cultivars with improved biochemical characteristics. The aim of this work is to evaluate the plasticity and stability of soybean cultivars developed at the Siberian Research Institute of Agriculture for the seed quality and yield. In our study, the formation of both soybean seed protein content and oil content were mainly influenced by the cultivation conditions (68.2% and 96.7%, respectively) alongside with a high genotype involvement (26.6%) in the overall phenotypic variability of protein content. Soybean grain seed content increased in the years with higher accumulated temperatures during the growing season (r = 0.470) and decreased at excess total precipitation (r = -0.296). Crude fat content in soybean seeds responded positively to hot and wet weather (r = 0.870 and 0.610). Taking into account the inverse correlations of yield with both accumulated temperatures (r = -0.849) and total precipitation (r = -0.307), it can be concluded that the optimum ratio of hydrothermal indexes is required to form of these parameters of quality and productivity. The most favorable conditions for the formation of higher fat content were formed in 2012, protein content - in 2014, yield - in 2011 and 2016. High response to the improvement of environmental conditions and high stability of environment reaction (linear regression coefficient > 1; variety response stability value < 1) was found in the following cultivars: Sibiryachka, Omskaya 4, Zolotistaya (yield and quality parameters), SibNIISKhoz 6 (oil content and yield), Eldorado, Cheremshanka (protein content), and Dina (protein content, yield).