Yield and stability of maize hybrids in different environments: results of AMMI analysis

The aim of the research was to evaluate the yield and stability of this trait in new maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under the various agroecological conditions of the Krasnodar region and the KabardinoBalkarian Republic in 2022–2024. A variance and AMMI analyses of the genotype × environment (G × E) interaction were performed based on the results of threeyear trials of 21 experimental hybrids and the standard Krasnodarsky 377 AMV. The results showed that environmental factors accounted for 93.8% of the yield variation, with genotype contributing 1.5% and the G × E interaction accounting for 4.7%. The first and second principal components (IPCA1 and IPCA2) accounted for a total of 83% of the interaction variation, confirming the adequacy of the model. Hybrid No. 4 (Kr 720185 × 1552/31) was found to combine a high yield (7.86 t/ha) with relative trait stability (ASV = 10.4), making it a promising variant for further testing. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the AMMI model for assessing adaptability and selecting promising corn hybrids in breeding for grain yield stability.