Spring wheat yield in crop rotations and grain biochemical composition

The purpose of research is to identify the effect of fertilizers and predecessors on the yield of spring wheat, to assess the nutritional value of grain for fodder purposes. The studies were carried out on dark gray forest soil under the conditions of the Sverdlovsk Region in a stationary long-term experiment. The object of observations was Krasnoufimskaya 100 spring wheat. The studies were performed on 3 food backgrounds: 1) without fertilizers; 2) mineral background - N30P30K36; 3) organomineral - N24P24K30 + green manure, straw. Azophosca was applied directly under wheat at a dose of N30P30K30. In 2016-2020 spring wheat was placed in crop rotations: grain fallow sideral - green manure fallow (rapeseed), wheat, oats, peas, barley; grain-grass (legumes 40 %) - peas, wheat + grasses, clover 1 gp, barley, oats; grain grass (perennial leguminous grasses 20 %) - annual grasses, rapeseed, barley + grasses, clover 1 gp, wheat, oats. Against the background of the use of fertilizers in 2017 with moderate moisture during the growing season, the yield of spring wheat was 4.6-5.7 t/ha, in arid conditions in 2016 it did not exceed 2.2-2.8 t/ha. On average, for the rotation of crop rotations with the use of mineral and organic fertilizers, grains were additionally obtained from 0.71 to 0.98 t/ha in relation to the control. Due to low productivity, clover yielded to green manure fallow as a predecessor in terms of wheat productivity. The use of fertilizers contributed to the increase in the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the grain. In wheat, placed on clover, nitrogen assimilation increased by 0.14-0.19 % compared to green manure fallow. On fertilized nutrition backgrounds, an increase in the accumulation of crude protein, fat, fiber, ash was revealed, and an inverse relationship was found in the content of nitrogen-free extractive substances. The supply of spring wheat grain with exchange energy was at the level of 13 MJ per 1 kg of dry matter, regardless of the type of predecessor and nutritional background.