The yield of sunflower and soybean on leached chernozem in the Krasnodar region depending on cultivation technology

The research was carried out in the stationary field experiment in the "National center of grain by the name of P.P. Lukyanenko". The aim of this work was to develop and determine the effectiveness of various technologies in 6-fields grain crop rotation, which contribute to improving soil fertility and yield of field crops. It was established that traditional technology and minimum mulch with decompactification contributed to increased accumulation of moisture in the 0-100 cm soil layer under sunflower and soybean in the early growing season in contrast to the minimum mulch. The minimum density of the soil compaction under these crops in the layers of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm was 1.33-1.36 g per cm3 under traditional and minimum mulching with decompactification technologies compared to the minimum mulch technology - 1.43-1.48 g per cm3. The content of total humus in the layer of 0-30 cm for 1.5 rotations on the increased NPK application with ameliorant increased substantially from 3.26% in 2008 to 3.44-3.49% in 2017 for all technologies, particularly on the minimum technology with the decompactification. At the same time, humus has decreased by 0.03% in the variant without fertilizers. The maximum seed yield of sunflower and soybean was received with traditional and minimum with decompactification technologies on increased application of fertilizers with ameliorant - 33.9, 31.8 quintal per ha and 33.6, 30.5 quintal per ha, respectively, and the lowest seed yield was received with minimum mulch technology - 26.3 and 24.9 quintal per ha.