Yield of early maturing spring wheat varieties in different natural and climatic zones of the Krasnoyarsk region

The goal is to study the yield dynamics of mid-early varieties of spring wheat in different natural zones of the Krasnoyarsk Region. Tasks: to establish the features of the influence of contrasting natural and climatic zones on productivity, to identify areas with a higher rate of its growth. Elaboration of the results of variety testing of the yield of 35 mid-early varieties of spring wheat over the periods of years from 1999 to 2020 in six natural and climatic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Region showed a significant amplitude of its variability in almost all zones, except for VI (Prichulymye forest-steppe), in which for 22 years high yields are constantly got (from 3.75 to 4.43 t/ha). An increase in yield (from 1.86 to 2.84 t/ha) is evenly observed in zone VIII (foothill steppe on ordinary and southern chernozems). A significant variation in productivity over the periods of the studied years is characteristic of zones IV (foothill subtaiga), III (lowland subtaiga), and VII (southern forest-steppe) zones. The lowest yield (1.11-1.81 t/ha) was obtained in zone III. Significant discrepancies in yield within the same natural zone in different variety plots were revealed, which can be explained by the difference in weather conditions during the growing season and the level of agricultural technology. The phenotypic variability of the yield of mid-early varieties is mainly due to the natural and climatic conditions of the zones (26.5-64.1 %). The complex of natural conditions of each natural zone prevails in the formation of productivity. The influence of natural zones in the studied periods of years on the variation in yield is not the same. Their effect on productivity was least of all in 1999-2001, and most in 2012-2016. A significant contribution to the formation of productivity is made by the interaction of the factors “zone x variety plots” (4.5-33.7 %), “years × zones × variety plots” (6.6-20.7 %), vegetation conditions (2.0-26.3 %). In each natural-climatic zone, the features of the relationship between productivity and meteorological indicators were revealed. To realize the potential of mid-early varieties, it is necessary to take into account the possibilities of soil and climatic zones, to carry out agricultural technology in accordance with the biological characteristics of varieties, taking into account their responsiveness to the agricultural background and weather conditions.