Soybean yield depending on the method of sowing and the timing of herbicide treatment

Soy needs protection from segetal vegetation from the earliest stages of its development. It has a slow growth in the initial period and a low density of plantings (50-60pcs / m2). These factors do not allow it to compete with segetal vegetation. Therefore, the method of sowing significantly affects the productivity of soybeans. The research was carried out in 2018-2019 in Dubovitskoye, LLC, Maloarkhangelsky district, Orel region, according to generally accepted methods. The soil is podzolized chernozem of heavy loamy mechanical composition. Meteorological conditions were characterized by the predominance of elevated temperature conditions and uneven distribution of precipitation. The seeding rate for wide-row sowing is 600 thousand pieces of germinating seeds per 1 hectare. ordinary - 900 thousand units / ha. The density of standing in the variant where the herbicide Hermes was introduced into the phase of primordial leaves was 11.2-12.3% higher compared to the control with the ordinary and wide-row method of sowing, respectively. Additional treatment with the herbicide Geyser in phase 4 of the soybean leaf reduced the density of standing plants by all methods of sowing. The composition of the agrophytocenosis consisted of 7 species of weeds belonging to three ecological and biological groups. The death of the weed component in the variant with the introduction of Hermes with the ordinary method of sowing was 89%, while its efficiency of use with the wide-row method increased by 3%. At the same time, in the variant with Hermes (1.0 l/ ha) and Geyser (2.5 l /ha), the death of the weed component was 100%, regardless of the method of sowing. This option provided a yield of 24.3 c/ha, which is 19.4 c/ha higher compared to the control. At the same time, this option provided the maximum accumulation of protein in soybean seeds - 40.8%. At the same time, the use of herbicides increased the cost of soybean production. However, an increase in the protein content in the seeds provided a higher purchase price of soybean seeds. The increase in yield and protein provided an increase in net income and an increase in profitability of production to 51.3%.