Yield of spring soft wheat mid-season varieties in various natural and climatic zones of the Krasnoyarsk region

The objective of the study is to investigate the yield of mid-season varieties for the period 1999-2000 in different natural and climatic zones of the Krasnoyarsk Region, to identify its relationship with meteorological factors. The yield of 44 mid-season varieties of spring soft wheat was analyzed for the period 1999-2020 on variety plots of the Krasnoyarsk Region in 6 natural and climatic zones: III - lowland sub-taiga (Kazachinsky variety plot), IV - foothill sub-taiga (Dzerzhinsky, Sayansky), V - Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe (Sukhobuzimsky, Uyarsky), VI - Prichulymye forest-steppe (Nazarovsky, Uzhursky), VII - southern forest-steppe (Karatuzsky), VIII - foothill steppe on ordinary and southern chernozems (Minusinsky, Krasnoturansky). Only in zone VI, over this period of years, a trend of yield growth was noted from 3.83 (1999-2003) to 4.30 t/ha (2016-2020). Yield fluctuations in the study period were observed in the Kansk-Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe (zone V), with a sharp increase in 2016-2020 (4.80 t/ha) from 2.38 t/ha (2013-2015). The increase in yield here can be explained by the cultivation of intensive varieties in compliance with all technology elements. Instability of yield without a significant increase is typical of the foothill subtaiga (zone IV). Yield growth occurred in natural zone III (lowland subtaiga) from 2008-2012 to 2016-2020 from 1.25 to 2.22 t/ha. Natural zones make the greatest contribution to yield variability - 59.0-74.8 %, while the “years” factor is much less - 1.0-15.0 % and the “genotype” factor is 1.5-5.8 %. A correlation between yield and plant height (r = 0.462-0.552), and 1000-grain weight (r = 0.435-0.650) (Kazachinsky, Karatuzsky, Nazarovsky, Sukhobuzimsky, Uyarsky) was revealed on many variety plots of the region (Kazachinsky, Sayansky, Karatuzsky, Minusinsky, Uzhursky, Sukhobuzimsky). An unequal dependence of the yield of the studied variety plots by ten-day period of the vegetation period on the average daily air temperature, precipitation amount, and relative air humidity was revealed.