Victimological prevention of mercenarily-violent crimes (robberies and assaults) committed in public places and on the streets on the example of Ural federal district

In the article on the basis of the analysis of criminological characteristics the victimological specifcity of robberies and robberies is considered. In the period from 2003 to 2017, the number of reported robberies decreased by 64 %, the number of robberies - by 68 %. Due to such drop in the performance stabilization of the socio-economic situation, improve the effciency of law enforcement, improve the legal awareness of the population. It is revealed that victims of these crimes are characterized by low victimization with predominance of social factors of its determination. In particular, robberies and robberies committed in public places should be distinguished from similar crimes committed in residential premises. The main differences are not only in the crime scene, but also in the characteristics of victim behavior. In the author’s view, the widely held view that, with due diligence, the victim could have avoided the attack is exaggerated. In cases where being in public places (including on the streets) at night is a serious threat to citizens, the fault is not “victim” behavior, and miscalculations on the part of the state in ensuring public safety. Speaking about the common determination of robberies and robberies, it is necessary to pay attention to the common determination of victim behavior. In this case, an important role is played by the level of legal awareness, which in one way or another are endowed with victims of the conditional type: active victim, passive victim, neutral victim. The main directions of preventive work, including victimological approaches, are defned.