Impact of the administrative and territorial division of Siberia on the Irkutsk general-governance penitentiary system functioning at the end of the XIX-th - early XX-th centuries

In modern society, one of the key components is the maintenance of law and order, which in turn implies the existence of a special punitive apparatus. The penitentiary system is an integral part not only in Russian society, but throughout the world. It allows you to both punish the criminal and direct him to the path of re-education. In order to better understand how the modern system of punishment has developed, it is necessary to trace its evolution on the territory of our country. Since the 1990s in the Russian Federation, the process of liberalization of the prison system is underway. This allows prisoners to socialize faster after release and re-integrate into the team of respectable citizens of our country. But it was not always so. Before the revolution, Siberia was seen as a place of hard penal servitude. The key factor in this was the regional aspects of prison development. In Siberia, at that time, the climatic conditions were not so favorable, and living conditions, especially for prisoners, left much to be desired. Based on this, the region had its own characteristics in the organization of the penitentiary system, which distinguished it from the orders that prevailed in the European part of Russia. Since in Siberia there was a complex system of subordination of provinces to general-governance, and also due to traditional features, the governor and governor-general at the local level sometimes had tremendous influence, including on the prison system.