Influence of agrotechnical methods on the efficiency of field crops

On the basis of Kaluga Research Institute of Agriculture the research was conducted to study the effect of energy-saving methods of tillage on the dynamics of soil moisture, productivity and economic efficiency of crop cultivation in the link of crop rotation: the mixture of vetch, peas, oats - winter wheat. The variants with disk tillage and interchange of direct seeding with disk tillage in comparison with traditional tillage for the region mouldboard tillage were studied. The experimental data obtained by us show that the greatest decrease in soil moisture reserves during the vegetative period was observed in the 0-10 cm layer in the plowing variant, and in the 10-20 cm layer in the variant with an annual alternation of direct seeding with disc processing. In general, during the vegetation period, the soil moisture reserves were used more intensively in the variant with plowing. The highest yield of the vetch-pea-oat mixture was obtained in the variant with tillage - 22.4 с/h. In variants with disk cultivation of soil and rotation of direct sowing with disk processing, it decreased by 5.3 and 7.5 c / ha, respectively, the cost of grain increased by 26.4% and 30.7%. The yield of winter wheat in options with minimal processing was at the level of control, but the cost of grain has decreased in comparison with the traditional tillage by 7.3%, in the variant with disc tillage and by 2.6% in the variant with alternating direct seeding with disk tillage. On average, over 2 years on the rotation link the highest grain yield was obtained in a variant with a traditional mouldboard tillage - 23.8 c/h. In the variant with disc tillage, it has decreased. by 2.2 c/h, but in the variant with alternating direct seeding and disk processing by 4.0 c/h; The cost of grain with minimal tillage has increased accordingly by 6.0% and 9.9%.