Influence of agrotechnological methods of cultivation of winter garlic on the formation and yield of air bulbs

Winter garlic is more often propagated by cloves. With regular planting of garlic with cloves, the variety degenerates: the bulbs become smaller, pathogens accumulate in them, and the yield decreases over the years. Air bulbs of winter garlic are a valuable planting material. Using them for planting allows to preserve the varietal characteristics of garlic, get healthy planting material and multiply it rapidly. The research was carried out in 2017-2019 in the southern forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region at the experimental field of the Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin. The soil is meadow-chernozem with a humus content of 5.72%, the thickness of the humus horizon is 40-60 cm. The purpose of the research is to identify effective agrotechnological methods for obtaining a high-quality harvest of winter garlic air bulbs. It has been established that under the conditions of Western Siberia, the local variety of winter garlic Tarsky is characterized by an increased yield of air bulbs. The yield of bulbs is 2.57-5.13 t/ha, or 1.6-2.1 times more than that of the control variety Komsomolets. The highest yield of winter garlic variety Tarsky differs when planting groats (6-9 g) of the cloves fraction. The yield of bulbs in this case averages 3.64 t/ha, which is 10% more than when planting an average (3-5 g) and 19% more than the small (1-2 g) fraction of cloves. Before planting, winter garlic cloves, it is effective to treat them with biological preparations. The use of biological preparations Azolen or Elena for the pre-sowing treatment of planting material accelerates the process of winter garlic shooting by 3-5 days and increases the yield of bulbs by 17.4-20.7%.Keywords: winter garlic, variety, fraction, biological preparations, air bulbs, bulbs, yield