Impact of androgen deficiency on functional status of middle-aged men

Androgen deficiency in middle-aged men represents a significant issue in modern endocrinology and andrology. Reduced testosterone levels are associated with dysfunctions of the cardiovascular, nervous, musculoskeletal, and reproductive systems. This article reviews the main mechanisms by which androgen deficiency affects various organs and systems, clinical features, and age-related hormonal changes. The importance of early diagnosis and a comprehensive therapeutic approach to prevent systemic complications is emphasized.