Biologically active substances influence on yield and quality formation of buckwheat grain

The purpose of research is to study the effect of biologically active substances on the growth and development of plants, productivity, technological and biochemical qualities of buckwheat grain. The study was carried out in the Laboratory of the Breeding of Grain and Cereal Crops at FSBSI “Federal Scientific Center for Agricultural Biotechnology of the Far East named after A.K. Chaika” and by FSBIS “G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of FEB RAS”in 2019-2021. The object of the study is the zoned variety Izumrud. The most effective was the treatment of plants in the budding phase with an aqueous-alcoholic extract from red buckwheat stems of the Izumrud and Pri 7 varieties (concentration 100 µg/ml), which promotes an increase in flavonoids (0.22 mg/100 g), fat (3.6%), positively affecting the yield, the weight of 1000 grains, the number of inflorescences with fruits. When using the preparation Ekhinohrom with a concentration of 10 μg/ml, an increased protein content in the grain (14.5%) was revealed. The maximum yield (2.5 t/ha) was obtained in the variant with the treatment with a water-alcohol extract from red stems Pri 7 (concentration 100 µg/ml). In terms of grain size (35.9 g) and with the maximum increase in yield in relation to the control (by 72 %), a variant was distinguished when processing VSE from red stalks of buckwheat variety Pri 7 (concentration 100 µg/ml). A high yield of cereals (72.7 %) and low filminess (27.3 %) were found in the variant with the use of Ekhinohrom trimethyl ether (concentration 10 µg/ml). The control plants had a reduced content of flavonoids, with green-red and green color of the stems (from 0.11 to 0.15 mg/100 g). When plants were sprayed with a water-alcohol extract from red buckwheat stems of the Izumrud variety at a concentration of 100 µg/ml, the amount of protein increased to 13.9 % and fat to 3.4 %. The use of extracts obtained from buckwheat plants with red and red-green stem color as phytoregulators of cultivated plants is a promising technique in organic agriculture.