Influence of bioorganic fertilizers on the structural elements of spring wheat productivity under field experiment conditions (2024–2025)

The article presents the results of two years of field experience in studying the effect of various biological products on the structural elements of the yield of two varieties of spring soft wheat — "Daria" and "Triada". Statistical processing of the data was performed, calculating the mean, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Analysis of the structural elements of spring wheat productivity revealed varying degrees of stability of morphological traits in response to annual changes in conditions and the use of bioorganic fertilizers. Parameters such as the number of grains in the main spike and the grain weight per main spike demonstrated relative stability over time, regardless of the year of cultivation. Biofertilizer treatment was found to significantly increase tillering (by 2–4 times), total grain weight per plant, and stabilize productivity. The greatest positive effect was observed with biofertilizers obtained through biotechnology using the soil microbiota of meadow hay, bedding manure, and buckwheat straw. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a highly significant effect of both variety (p < 0.001) and treatment (p < 0.001) on total grain weight per plant, as well as a significant interaction between these factors (p = 0.01), indicating differential responses of the varieties to the applied products. Two-year trials of bioorganic fertilizers demonstrate a high degree of uniformity in plant response to treatment and consistent performance. The results confirm the potential of using biofertilizers to improve the productivity and resilience of spring wheat in variable climates.